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Ensuring correctness is crucial for code generation. Formal verification offers a definitive assurance of correctness, but demands substantial human effort in proof construction and hence raises a pressing need for automation. The primary…

Unit testing is a stage of testing where the smallest segment of code that can be tested in isolation from the rest of the system - often a class - is tested. Unit tests are typically written as executable code, often in a format provided…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Afonso Fontes , Gregory Gay , Francisco Gomes de Oliveira Neto , Robert Feldt

Python's dynamic typing system offers flexibility and expressiveness but can lead to type-related errors, prompting the need for automated type inference to enhance type hinting. While existing learning-based approaches show promising…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Chong Wang , Jian Zhang , Yiling Lou , Mingwei Liu , Weisong Sun , Yang Liu , Xin Peng

Type annotations in Python enhance maintainability and error detection. However, generating these annotations manually is error prone and requires extra effort. Traditional automation approaches like static analysis, machine learning, and…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Varun Bharti , Shashwat Jha , Dhruv Kumar , Pankaj Jalote

In the life-cycle of software development, testing plays a crucial role in quality assurance. Proper testing not only increases code coverage and prevents regressions but it can also ensure that any potential vulnerabilities in the software…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Gábor Antal , Dénes Bán , Martin Isztin , Rudolf Ferenc , Péter Hegedűs

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly solve complex reasoning tasks via long chain-of-thought, but their forward-only autoregressive generation process is fragile; early token errors can cascade, which creates a clear need for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Jian Mu , Qixin Zhang , Zhiyong Wang , Menglin Yang , Shuang Qiu , Chengwei Qin , Zhongxiang Dai , Yao Shu

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a prevalent approach for building LLM-based question-answering systems that can take advantage of external knowledge databases. Due to the complexity of real-world RAG systems, there are many…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Kin Kwan Leung , Mouloud Belbahri , Yi Sui , Alex Labach , Xueying Zhang , Stephen Anthony Rose , Jesse C. Cresswell

This study investigates the reliability of code generation by Large Language Models (LLMs), focusing on identifying and analyzing defects in the generated code. Despite the advanced capabilities of LLMs in automating code generation,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Ali Mohammadi Esfahani , Nafiseh Kahani , Samuel A. Ajila

Unit testing verifies the presence of faults in individual software components. Previous research has been targeting the automatic generation of unit tests through the adoption of random or search-based algorithms. Despite their…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-04-13 Fabiano Pecorelli , Giovanni Grano , Fabio Palomba , Harald C. Gall , Andrea De Lucia

LLM-as-a-Judge has emerged as a promising tool for automatically evaluating generated outputs, but its reliability is often undermined by potential biases in judgment. Existing efforts to mitigate these biases face key limitations:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Haoyan Yang , Runxue Bao , Cao Xiao , Jun Ma , Parminder Bhatia , Shangqian Gao , Taha Kass-Hout

The hallucination of code generation models hinders their applicability to systems requiring higher safety standards. One critical bottleneck in addressing code hallucination is the difficulty of identifying the functional correctness of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Jaewoo Jeong , Taesoo Kim , Sangdon Park

Implementing automated unit tests is an important but time-consuming activity in software development. To assist developers in this task, many techniques for automating unit test generation have been developed. However, despite this effort,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Rangeet Pan , Myeongsoo Kim , Rahul Krishna , Raju Pavuluri , Saurabh Sinha

Automated random testing has shown to be an effective approach to finding faults but still faces a major unsolved issue: how to generate test inputs diverse enough to find many faults and find them quickly. Stateful testing, the automated…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2013-08-14 Yi Wei , Hannes Roth , Carlo A. Furia , Yu Pei , Alexander Horton , Michael Steindorfer , Martin Nordio , Bertrand Meyer

Decision-tree-based ensemble classification methods (DTEMs) are a prevalent tool for supervised anomaly detection. However, due to the continued growth of datasets, DTEMs result in increasing drawbacks such as growing memory footprints,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-10 Shay Vargaftik , Isaac Keslassy , Ariel Orda , Yaniv Ben-Itzhak

Test-driven development (TDD) is a widely-employed software development practice that mandates writing test cases based on requirements before writing the actual code. While writing test cases is the centerpiece of TDD, it is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Wannita Takerngsaksiri , Rujikorn Charakorn , Chakkrit Tantithamthavorn , Yuan-Fang Li

Unfaithful text generation is a common problem for text generation systems. In the case of Data-to-Text (D2T) systems, the factuality of the generated text is particularly crucial for any real-world applications. We introduce R2D2, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-26 Linyong Nan , Lorenzo Jaime Yu Flores , Yilun Zhao , Yixin Liu , Luke Benson , Weijin Zou , Dragomir Radev

Unit testing is essential in detecting bugs in functionally-discrete program units. Manually writing high-quality unit tests is time-consuming and laborious. Although traditional techniques can generate tests with reasonable coverage, they…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Zhiqiang Yuan , Yiling Lou , Mingwei Liu , Shiji Ding , Kaixin Wang , Yixuan Chen , Xin Peng

Unit tests are critical in the hardware design lifecycle to ensure that component design modules are functionally correct and conform to the specification before they are integrated at the system level. Thus developing unit tests targeting…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Deeksha Nandal , Riccardo Revalor , Soham Dan , Debjit Pal

One of the critical phases in software development is software testing. Testing helps with identifying potential bugs and reducing maintenance costs. The goal of automated test generation tools is to ease the development of tests by…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-01 Arghavan Moradi Dakhel , Amin Nikanjam , Vahid Majdinasab , Foutse Khomh , Michel C. Desmarais

Security in code generation remains a pivotal challenge when applying large language models (LLMs). This paper introduces RefleXGen, an innovative method that significantly enhances code security by integrating Retrieval-Augmented…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Bin Wang , Hui Li , AoFan Liu , BoTao Yang , Ao Yang , YiLu Zhong , Weixiang Huang , Yanping Zhang , Runhuai Huang , Weimin Zeng