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Humans can learn languages from remarkably little experience. Developing computational models that explain this ability has been a major challenge in cognitive science. Bayesian models that build in strong inductive biases - factors that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-25 R. Thomas McCoy , Thomas L. Griffiths

Neuroscience and AI have an intertwined history, largely relayed in the literature of both fields. In recent years, due to the engineering orientations of AI research and the monopoly of industry for its large-scale applications, the mutual…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Sylvain Fontaine

Artificial intelligence has advanced significantly through deep learning, reinforcement learning, and large language and vision models. However, these systems often remain task specific, struggle to adapt to changing conditions, and cannot…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-10-17 Noorbakhsh Amiri Golilarz , Hassan S. Al Khatib , Shahram Rahimi

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a fast-growing research and development (R&D) discipline which is attracting increasing attention because of its promises to bring vast benefits for consumers and businesses, with considerable benefits…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Zhenghua Chen , Min Wu , Alvin Chan , Xiaoli Li , Yew-Soon Ong

Throughout history, the development of artificial intelligence, particularly artificial neural networks, has been open to and constantly inspired by the increasingly deepened understanding of the brain, such as the inspiration of…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Feng-Lei Fan , Yingxin Li , Hanchuan Peng , Tieyong Zeng , Fei Wang

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have enabled the development of AI agents that exhibit increasingly human-like behaviors, including planning, adaptation, and social dynamics across diverse, interactive, and open-ended…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-06-13 Lin Chen , Yunke Zhang , Jie Feng , Haoye Chai , Honglin Zhang , Bingbing Fan , Yibo Ma , Shiyuan Zhang , Nian Li , Tianhui Liu , Nicholas Sukiennik , Keyu Zhao , Yu Li , Ziyi Liu , Fengli Xu , Yong Li

How do humans and other animals learn new tasks? A wave of brain recording studies has investigated how neural representations change during task learning, with a focus on how tasks can be acquired and coded in ways that minimise mutual…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2022-10-11 Timo Flesch , Andrew Saxe , Christopher Summerfield

A significant challenge in developing AI that can generalize well is designing agents that learn about their world without being told what to learn, and apply that learning to challenges with sparse rewards. Moreover, most traditional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-21 Eric Zelikman , William Yin , Kenneth Wang

To interact with humans, artificial intelligence (AI) systems must understand our social world. Within this world norms play an important role in motivating and guiding agents. However, very few computational theories for learning social…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-01-27 Taylor Olson , Ken Forbus

Learning to follow human instructions is a long-pursued goal in artificial intelligence. The task becomes particularly challenging if no prior knowledge of the employed language is assumed while relying only on a handful of examples to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-03 Rezka Leonandya , Elia Bruni , Dieuwke Hupkes , Germán Kruszewski

In this work, we argue that the search for Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) should start from a much lower level than human-level intelligence. The circumstances of intelligent behavior in nature resulted from an organism interacting…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-07-28 Sidney Pontes-Filho , Kristoffer Olsen , Anis Yazidi , Michael A. Riegler , Pål Halvorsen , Stefano Nichele

Inner Interpretability is a promising emerging field tasked with uncovering the inner mechanisms of AI systems, though how to develop these mechanistic theories is still much debated. Moreover, recent critiques raise issues that question…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Martina G. Vilas , Federico Adolfi , David Poeppel , Gemma Roig

Neuroscience has focused on the detailed implementation of computation, studying neural codes, dynamics and circuits. In machine learning, however, artificial neural networks tend to eschew precisely designed codes, dynamics or circuits in…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2020-02-04 Adam Marblestone , Greg Wayne , Konrad Kording

Nature is in constant flux, so animals must account for changes in their environment when making decisions. How animals learn the timescale of such changes and adapt their decision strategies accordingly is not well understood. Recent…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2018-12-24 Zachary P. Kilpatrick , William R. Holmes , Tahra L. Eissa , Krešimir Josić

Infrastructure shapes societies and scientific discovery. Traditional scientific infrastructure, often static and fragmented, leads to issues like data silos, lack of interoperability and reproducibility, and unsustainable short-lived…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-08-15 Satrajit S. Ghosh

The rapid evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) has shifted from static, data-driven models to dynamic systems capable of perceiving and interacting with real-world environments. Despite advancements in pattern recognition and symbolic…

Artificial intelligence (AI) research today is largely driven by ever-larger neural network models trained on graphics processing units (GPUs). This paradigm has yielded remarkable progress, but it also risks entrenching a hardware lottery…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Bipin Rajendran , Osvaldo Simeone , Bashir M. Al-Hashimi

Can artificial intelligence unlock the secrets of the human brain? How do the inner mechanisms of deep learning models relate to our neural circuits? Is it possible to enhance AI by tapping into the power of brain recordings? These…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2024-12-31 Subba Reddy Oota , Zijiao Chen , Manish Gupta , Raju S. Bapi , Gael Jobard , Frederic Alexandre , Xavier Hinaut

The rapid advancement of generative models has empowered modern AI systems to comprehend and produce highly sophisticated content, even achieving human-level performance in specific domains. However, these models are fundamentally…

The field of machine learning has focused, primarily, on discretized sub-problems (i.e. vision, speech, natural language) of intelligence. While neuroscience tends to be observation heavy, providing few guiding theories. It is unlikely that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-03-11 Jordan Ott