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Related papers: Test-Time Scaling with Reflective Generative Model

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The newly released OpenAI-o1 and DeepSeek-R1 have demonstrated that test-time scaling can significantly improve model performance, especially in complex tasks such as logical reasoning. Common test-time scaling methods involve generating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Zhendong Tan , Xingjun Zhang , Chaoyi Hu , Yancheng Pan , Shaoxun Wang

Large reasoning models (LRMs) like OpenAI o1 and DeepSeek R1 have demonstrated impressive performance on complex reasoning tasks like mathematics and programming with long Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning sequences (slow-thinking), compared…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Jason Zhu , Hongyu Li

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) demonstrate remarkable capabilities on complex tasks, exhibiting emergent, human-like thinking patterns. Despite their advances, we identify a fundamental limitation: current LRMs lack a dedicated meta-level…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Haonan Dong , Haoran Ye , Wenhao Zhu , Kehan Jiang , Guojie Song

Reinforcement learning-based retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) methods enhance the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs). However, most rely only on final-answer rewards, overlooking intermediate reasoning quality. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Jie He , Victor Gutiérrez-Basulto , Jeff Z. Pan

Recent advancements in Large Reasoning Models (LRMs), such as OpenAI's o1/o3 and DeepSeek-R1, have demonstrated remarkable performance in specialized reasoning tasks through human-like deliberative thinking and long chain-of-thought…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Weixiang Zhao , Xingyu Sui , Jiahe Guo , Yulin Hu , Yang Deng , Yanyan Zhao , Xuda Zhi , Yongbo Huang , Hao He , Wanxiang Che , Ting Liu , Bing Qin

Text-to-Image (T2I) models and Unified Multimodal Models (UMMs) have achieved remarkable progress in visual generation. However, their reliance on a single-pass generation paradigm limits their ability to handle complex prompts requiring…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Junjie Wang , Xinghua Lou , Jason Li , Ye Tian , Keyu Chen , Yulin Li , Bin Kang , Jacky Mai , Yanwei Li , Zhuotao Tian , Liqiang Nie

Test-time scaling methods improve the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) by increasing the amount of compute used during inference to make a prediction. Inference-time compute can be scaled in parallel by choosing among multiple…

The remarkable performance of models like the OpenAI o1 can be attributed to their ability to emulate human-like long-time thinking during inference. These models employ extended chain-of-thought (CoT) processes, exploring multiple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Xingyu Chen , Jiahao Xu , Tian Liang , Zhiwei He , Jianhui Pang , Dian Yu , Linfeng Song , Qiuzhi Liu , Mengfei Zhou , Zhuosheng Zhang , Rui Wang , Zhaopeng Tu , Haitao Mi , Dong Yu

We present a novel pipeline, ReflectEvo, to demonstrate that small language models (SLMs) can enhance meta introspection through reflection learning. This process iteratively generates self-reflection for self-training, fostering a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Jiaqi Li , Xinyi Dong , Yang Liu , Zhizhuo Yang , Quansen Wang , Xiaobo Wang , SongChun Zhu , Zixia Jia , Zilong Zheng

This paper introduces Typhoon T1, an open effort to develop an open Thai reasoning model. A reasoning model is a relatively new type of generative model built on top of large language models (LLMs). A reasoning model generates a long chain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Pittawat Taveekitworachai , Potsawee Manakul , Kasima Tharnpipitchai , Kunat Pipatanakul

The o1 model series is trained with large-scale reinforcement learning to reason using chain of thought. These advanced reasoning capabilities provide new avenues for improving the safety and robustness of our models. In particular, our…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-01 OpenAI , : , Aaron Jaech , Adam Kalai , Adam Lerer , Adam Richardson , Ahmed El-Kishky , Aiden Low , Alec Helyar , Aleksander Madry , Alex Beutel , Alex Carney , Alex Iftimie , Alex Karpenko , Alex Tachard Passos , Alexander Neitz , Alexander Prokofiev , Alexander Wei , Allison Tam , Ally Bennett , Ananya Kumar , Andre Saraiva , Andrea Vallone , Andrew Duberstein , Andrew Kondrich , Andrey Mishchenko , Andy Applebaum , Angela Jiang , Ashvin Nair , Barret Zoph , Behrooz Ghorbani , Bohan Zhang , Ben Rossen , Benjamin Sokolowsky , Boaz Barak , Bob McGrew , Borys Minaiev , Botao Hao , Bowen Baker , Brandon Houghton , Brandon McKinzie , Brydon Eastman , Camillo Lugaresi , Cary Bassin , Cary Hudson , Chak Ming Li , Charles de Bourcy , Chelsea Voss , Chen Shen , Chong Zhang , Chris Koch , Chris Orsinger , Christopher Hesse , Claudia Fischer , Clive Chan , Dan Roberts , Daniel Kappler , Daniel Levy , Daniel Selsam , David Dohan , David Farhi , David Mely , David Robinson , Dimitris Tsipras , Doug Li , Dragos Oprica , Eben Freeman , Eddie Zhang , Edmund Wong , Elizabeth Proehl , Enoch Cheung , Eric Mitchell , Eric Wallace , Erik Ritter , Evan Mays , Fan Wang , Felipe Petroski Such , Filippo Raso , Florencia Leoni , Foivos Tsimpourlas , Francis Song , Fred von Lohmann , Freddie Sulit , Geoff Salmon , Giambattista Parascandolo , Gildas Chabot , Grace Zhao , Greg Brockman , Guillaume Leclerc , Hadi Salman , Haiming Bao , Hao Sheng , Hart Andrin , Hessam Bagherinezhad , Hongyu Ren , Hunter Lightman , Hyung Won Chung , Ian Kivlichan , Ian O'Connell , Ian Osband , Ignasi Clavera Gilaberte , Ilge Akkaya , Ilya Kostrikov , Ilya Sutskever , Irina Kofman , Jakub Pachocki , James Lennon , Jason Wei , Jean Harb , Jerry Twore , Jiacheng Feng , Jiahui Yu , Jiayi Weng , Jie Tang , Jieqi Yu , Joaquin Quiñonero Candela , Joe Palermo , Joel Parish , Johannes Heidecke , John Hallman , John Rizzo , Jonathan Gordon , Jonathan Uesato , Jonathan Ward , Joost Huizinga , Julie Wang , Kai Chen , Kai Xiao , Karan Singhal , Karina Nguyen , Karl Cobbe , Katy Shi , Kayla Wood , Kendra Rimbach , Keren Gu-Lemberg , Kevin Liu , Kevin Lu , Kevin Stone , Kevin Yu , Lama Ahmad , Lauren Yang , Leo Liu , Leon Maksin , Leyton Ho , Liam Fedus , Lilian Weng , Linden Li , Lindsay McCallum , Lindsey Held , Lorenz Kuhn , Lukas Kondraciuk , Lukasz Kaiser , Luke Metz , Madelaine Boyd , Maja Trebacz , Manas Joglekar , Mark Chen , Marko Tintor , Mason Meyer , Matt Jones , Matt Kaufer , Max Schwarzer , Meghan Shah , Mehmet Yatbaz , Melody Y. Guan , Mengyuan Xu , Mengyuan Yan , Mia Glaese , Mianna Chen , Michael Lampe , Michael Malek , Michele Wang , Michelle Fradin , Mike McClay , Mikhail Pavlov , Miles Wang , Mingxuan Wang , Mira Murati , Mo Bavarian , Mostafa Rohaninejad , Nat McAleese , Neil Chowdhury , Neil Chowdhury , Nick Ryder , Nikolas Tezak , Noam Brown , Ofir Nachum , Oleg Boiko , Oleg Murk , Olivia Watkins , Patrick Chao , Paul Ashbourne , Pavel Izmailov , Peter Zhokhov , Rachel Dias , Rahul Arora , Randall Lin , Rapha Gontijo Lopes , Raz Gaon , Reah Miyara , Reimar Leike , Renny Hwang , Rhythm Garg , Robin Brown , Roshan James , Rui Shu , Ryan Cheu , Ryan Greene , Saachi Jain , Sam Altman , Sam Toizer , Sam Toyer , Samuel Miserendino , Sandhini Agarwal , Santiago Hernandez , Sasha Baker , Scott McKinney , Scottie Yan , Shengjia Zhao , Shengli Hu , Shibani Santurkar , Shraman Ray Chaudhuri , Shuyuan Zhang , Siyuan Fu , Spencer Papay , Steph Lin , Suchir Balaji , Suvansh Sanjeev , Szymon Sidor , Tal Broda , Aidan Clark , Tao Wang , Taylor Gordon , Ted Sanders , Tejal Patwardhan , Thibault Sottiaux , Thomas Degry , Thomas Dimson , Tianhao Zheng , Timur Garipov , Tom Stasi , Trapit Bansal , Trevor Creech , Troy Peterson , Tyna Eloundou , Valerie Qi , Vineet Kosaraju , Vinnie Monaco , Vitchyr Pong , Vlad Fomenko , Weiyi Zheng , Wenda Zhou , Wenting Zhan , Wes McCabe , Wojciech Zaremba , Yann Dubois , Yinghai Lu , Yining Chen , Young Cha , Yu Bai , Yuchen He , Yuchen Zhang , Yunyun Wang , Zheng Shao , Zhuohan Li

Recent advances in reasoning-focused large language models (LLMs) mark a shift from general LLMs toward models designed for complex decision-making, a crucial aspect in medicine. However, their performance in specialized domains like…

The recent advent of reasoning models like OpenAI's o1 was met with excited speculation by the AI community about the mechanisms underlying these capabilities in closed models, followed by a rush of replication efforts, particularly from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Brown Ebouky , Andrea Bartezzaghi , Mattia Rigotti

Large reasoning models (LRMs) are proficient at generating explicit, step-by-step reasoning sequences before producing final answers. However, such detailed reasoning can introduce substantial computational overhead and latency,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Songjun Tu , Jiahao Lin , Qichao Zhang , Xiangyu Tian , Linjing Li , Xiangyuan Lan , Dongbin Zhao

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) demonstrate strong performance in complex tasks but often face the challenge of overthinking, leading to substantially high inference costs. Existing approaches synthesize shorter reasoning responses for LRMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Hexuan Deng , Wenxiang Jiao , Xuebo Liu , Jun Rao , Min Zhang

Visual generation models have made remarkable progress in creating realistic images from text prompts, yet struggle with complex prompts that specify multiple objects with precise spatial relationships and attributes. Effective handling of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Chengqi Duan , Rongyao Fang , Yuqing Wang , Kun Wang , Linjiang Huang , Xingyu Zeng , Hongsheng Li , Xihui Liu

Recent advances leverage post-training to enhance model reasoning performance, which typically requires costly training pipelines and still suffers from inefficient, overly lengthy outputs. We introduce Speculative Thinking, a training-free…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Wang Yang , Xiang Yue , Vipin Chaudhary , Xiaotian Han

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved strong performance on complex reasoning tasks using techniques such as chain-of-thought and self-consistency. However, ensemble-based approaches, especially self-consistency which relies on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Qinglin Zeng , Jing Yang , Keze Wang

We show that reinforcement learning applied to large language models (LLMs) significantly boosts performance on complex coding and reasoning tasks. Additionally, we compare two general-purpose reasoning models - OpenAI o1 and an early…

Recent advances in deep thinking models have demonstrated remarkable reasoning capabilities on mathematical and coding tasks. However, their effectiveness in embodied domains which require continuous interaction with environments through…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Wenqi Zhang , Mengna Wang , Gangao Liu , Xu Huixin , Yiwei Jiang , Yongliang Shen , Guiyang Hou , Zhe Zheng , Hang Zhang , Xin Li , Weiming Lu , Peng Li , Yueting Zhuang