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Traditional intrusion detection systems (IDSs) often rely on either network traffic or process data, but this single-source approach may miss complex attack patterns that span multiple layers within industrial control systems (ICSs) or…
With the advent of smart industry, Industrial Control Systems (ICS) are increasingly using Cloud, IoT, and other services to meet Industry 4.0 targets. The connectivity inherent in these services exposes such systems to increased…
Traditional industrial systems, e.g., power plants, water treatment plants, etc., were built to operate highly isolated and controlled capacity. Recently, Industrial Control Systems (ICSs) have been exposed to the Internet for ease of…
Real-Time systems are essential for promptly responding to external stimuli and completing tasks within predefined time constraints. Ensuring high reliability and robust security in these systems is therefore critical. This requires…
The growing number of cyber-attacks against Industrial Control Systems (ICS) in recent years has elevated security concerns due to the potential catastrophic impact. Considering the complex nature of ICS, detecting a cyber-attack in them is…
This study delves into the role of process awareness in enhancing intrusion detection within Smart Grids, considering the increasing fusion of ICT in power systems and the associated emerging threats. The research harnesses a co-simulation…
Major transformations related to information technologies affect InformationSystems (IS) that support the business processes of organizations and their actors. Deployment in a complex environment involving sensitive, massive and…
In recent years, Industrial Control Systems (ICS) have become an appealing target for cyber attacks, having massive destructive consequences. Security metrics are therefore essential to assess their security posture. In this paper, we…
Industrial Control Systems (ICS) constitute the backbone of contemporary industrial operations, ranging from modest heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems to expansive national power grids. Given their pivotal role in critical…
Industrial control systems (ICS), which in many cases are components of critical national infrastructure, are increasingly being connected to other networks and the wider internet motivated by factors such as enhanced operational…
Along with the development of intelligent manufacturing, especially with the high connectivity of the industrial control system (ICS), the network security of ICS becomes more important. And in recent years, there has been much research on…
Cyber-physical-social connectivity is a key element in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSs) due to the ever-increasing interaction between human users and technological systems. Such connectivity translates the ITSs into dynamical…
Industry 5.0's increasing integration of IT and OT systems is transforming industrial operations but also expanding the cyber-physical attack surface. Industrial Control Systems (ICS) face escalating security challenges as traditional…
Industrial control systems (ICS) of critical infrastructure are increasingly connected to the Internet for remote site management at scale. However, cyber attacks against ICS - especially at the communication channels between humanmachine…
Coordinated and targeted cyber-attacks to Critical Infrastructures (CIs) are becoming more and more frequent and sophisticated. This is due to: i) the recent technology shift towards Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) products, and ii) new…
Industrial Control Systems (ICSs) are complex interconnected systems used to manage process control within industrial environments, such as chemical processing plants and water treatment facilities. As the modern industrial environment…
Cyberattacks can cause a severe impact on power systems unless detected early. However, accurate and timely detection in critical infrastructure systems presents challenges, e.g., due to zero-day vulnerability exploitations and the…
With the ubiquitous nature of information technology solutions that facilitate communication in the modern world, cyber attacks are increasing in volume and becoming more sophisticated in nature. From classic network-based Denial of Service…
Industrial control systems (ICS) are managed remotely with the help of dedicated protocols that were originally designed to work in walled gardens. Many of these protocols have been adapted to Internet transport and support wide-area…
Industrial Control System (ICS) networks transmit control and monitoring data in critical environments such as smart grid. Cyber attacks on smart grid communication may cause fatal consequences on energy production, distribution, and…