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Spoken Language Understanding (SLU), a core component of the task-oriented dialogue system, expects a shorter inference facing the impatience of human users. Existing work increases inference speed by designing non-autoregressive models for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-27 Lizhi Cheng , Weijia jia , Wenmian Yang

Ad-hoc instruction fine-tuning of large language models (LLMs) is widely adopted for domain-specific adaptation. While domain-specific supervised fine-tuning (SFT) is effective and efficient, it often weakens cross-domain generalization and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Jucheng Hu , Surong Yang , Lijun Wu , Dongzhan Zhou

Sparse autoencoders (SAEs) are a popular method for decomposing Large Langage Models (LLM) activations into interpretable latents. However, due to their substantial training cost, most academic research uses open-source SAEs which are only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Patrick Leask , Neel Nanda , Noura Al Moubayed

Large language models (LLMs) have been widely applied for their remarkable capability of content generation. However, the practical use of open-source LLMs is hindered by high resource requirements, making deployment expensive and limiting…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Wenjie Qu , Yuguang Zhou , Yongji Wu , Tingsong Xiao , Binhang Yuan , Yiming Li , Jiaheng Zhang

In this paper, we introduce a novel methodology to efficiently construct a corpus for question answering over structured data. For this, we introduce an intermediate representation that is based on the logical query plan in a database…

This paper addresses the privacy and security concerns associated with deep neural language models, which serve as crucial components in various modern AI-based applications. These models are often used after being pre-trained and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-01 Abhijit Mishra , Mingda Li , Soham Deo

Despite the significant progress of fully-supervised video captioning, zero-shot methods remain much less explored. In this paper, we propose a novel zero-shot video captioning framework named Retrieval-Enhanced Test-Time Adaptation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Yunchuan Ma , Laiyun Qing , Guorong Li , Yuankai Qi , Amin Beheshti , Quan Z. Sheng , Qingming Huang

A Transformer-based deep direct sampling method is proposed for electrical impedance tomography, a well-known severely ill-posed nonlinear boundary value inverse problem. A real-time reconstruction is achieved by evaluating the learned…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Ruchi Guo , Shuhao Cao , Long Chen

Standard evaluation protocols reveal a counterintuitive phenomenon: on 7.7% of benchmark problems spanning five datasets, larger language models underperform smaller ones by 28.4 percentage points despite 10-100x more parameters. Through…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-02 MD Azizul Hakim

Topic models, such as Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), posit that documents are drawn from admixtures of distributions over words, known as topics. The inference problem of recovering topics from admixtures, is NP-hard. Assuming…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-11-05 Trapit Bansal , Chiranjib Bhattacharyya , Ravindran Kannan

The efficient sparse coding and reconstruction of signal vectors via linear observations has received a tremendous amount of attention over the last decade. In this context, the automated learning of a suitable basis or overcomplete…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-06-19 Andreas M. Tillmann

Reinforcement learning (RL) for large language model reasoning is frequently hindered by signal loss, a phenomenon where standard uniform sampling with small group sizes fails to uncover informative learning signals for difficult prompts.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Wei Xiong , Chenlu Ye , Baohao Liao , Hanze Dong , Xinxing Xu , Christof Monz , Jiang Bian , Nan Jiang , Tong Zhang

Test-time adaptation (TTA) aims to address distributional shifts between training and testing data using only unlabeled test data streams for continual model adaptation. However, most TTA methods assume benign test streams, while test…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Taesik Gong , Yewon Kim , Taeckyung Lee , Sorn Chottananurak , Sung-Ju Lee

Backdoor learning is a critical research topic for understanding the vulnerabilities of deep neural networks. While the diffusion model (DM) has been broadly deployed in public over the past few years, the understanding of its backdoor…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Weilin Lin , Nanjun Zhou , Yanyun Wang , Jianze Li , Hui Xiong , Li Liu

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) arises in practice when labeled data are scarce or expensive to obtain, while large quantities of unlabeled data are readily available. With the growing adoption of machine learning techniques, it has become…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-29 Jiawei Shan , Zhifeng Chen , Yiming Dong , Yazhen Wang , Jiwei Zhao

Adversarial examples are important to test and enhance the robustness of deep code models. As source code is discrete and has to strictly stick to complex grammar and semantics constraints, the adversarial example generation techniques in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Zhao Tian , Junjie Chen , Zhi Jin

Code obfuscation is the conversion of original source code into a functionally equivalent but less readable form, aiming to prevent reverse engineering and intellectual property theft. This is a challenging task since it is crucial to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Lorenzo De Tomasi , Claudio Di Sipio , Antinisca Di Marco , Phuong T. Nguyen

Text-to-image latent diffusion models (LDMs) have recently emerged as powerful generative models with great potential for solving inverse problems in imaging. However, leveraging such models in a Plug & Play (PnP), zero-shot manner remains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Alessio Spagnoletti , Jean Prost , Andrés Almansa , Nicolas Papadakis , Marcelo Pereyra

In this paper, we address the limitations of the DETR-based semi-supervised object detection (SSOD) framework, particularly focusing on the challenges posed by the quality of object queries. In DETR-based SSOD, the one-to-one assignment…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Tahira Shehzadi , Khurram Azeem Hashmi , Didier Stricker , Muhammad Zeshan Afzal

Reverse engineering CAD models from raw geometry is a classic but strenuous research problem. Previous learning-based methods rely heavily on labels due to the supervised design patterns or reconstruct CAD shapes that are not easily…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Pu Li , Jianwei Guo , Xiaopeng Zhang , Dong-ming Yan