Related papers: Nuclear Physics Confronts Relativistic Collisions …
QCD predicts a phase transition between hadronic matter and a Quark Gluon Plasma at high energy density. The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory is a new facility dedicated to the experimental study of…
A selection of experimental results in high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions after five years of operation of the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC) is presented. Emphasis is put on measurements that provide direct information on…
$^{96}_{44}$Ru+$^{96}_{44}$Ru and $^{96}_{40}$Zr+$^{96}_{40}$Zr collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{\rm NN}}}=200$ GeV provide unique opportunities to study the geometry and fluctuations raised from the deformation of the colliding nuclei. Using…
Isobar collisions which were thought to have the same background and different magnetic fields provide an opportunity to verify the chiral magnetic effect (CME) in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. However, the first result from the…
We present an estimate of the yield of hard probes expected for collisions of the isobars $^{96}_{44}$Ru and $^{96}_{40}$Zr at collision energies reachable at RHIC and the LHC\@. These yields are proportional to the number of binary…
The status of the physics of heavy ion collisions is reviewed based on measurements over the past 6 years from the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The dense nuclear matter produced in Au+Au…
The so called "isobar run" or RHIC was designed to compare a number of observables for collisions of $^{96}_{40}Zr$ with those of $^{96}_{44}Ru$, aimed at identification of $Z$-dependent effects. However, as the STAR data have shown with…
Five years have passed since the first collisions of Au nuclei at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) on Long Island. With nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energies of up to sqrt(s_NN)=200GeV…
Heavy ion cross sections totaling several hundred barns have been calculated previously for the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). These total cross sections are more than an order of magnitude…
I briefly describe the initial goals of relativistic nuclear collisions research, focusing on the LBL Bevatron/Bevalac facility in the 1970's. An early concept of high hadronic density fireball formation, and subsequent isentropic decay…
Recent soft physics results from collisions of ultra-relativistic nuclei at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) operating at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) are reviewed. Topics discussed cover the Beam Energy Scan program with some…
I review experimental results from ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions. Signals of new physics and observables reflecting the underlying collision dynamics are presented, and the evidence for new physics discussed. Measurements of higher…
Measurements of disoriented chiral condensates in heavy ion collisions at RHIC and the LHC can yield fundamental information on the nature of the QCD phase transition. I review theoretical efforts to understand the evolution of the…
Collisions of isobar nuclei, those with the same mass number but different structure parameters, provide a new way to probe the initial condition of the heavy ion collisions. Using transport model simulation of $^{96}$Ru+$^{96}$Ru and…
Results from Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider Physics in 2018 and plans for the future at Brookhaven National Laboratory are presented.
Nuclei with equal number of baryons but varying proton number (isobars) have many commonalities, but differ in both electric charge and nuclear structure. Relativistic collisions of such isobars provide unique opportunities to study the…
Isobaric $^{96}_{44}$Ru+$^{96}_{44}$Ru and $^{96}_{40}$Zr+$^{96}_{40}$Zr collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$ GeV have been conducted at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider to circumvent the large flow-induced background in searching for…
Isobar collisions, $^{96}_{44}$Ru+$^{96}_{44}$Ru and $^{96}_{40}$Zr+$^{96}_{40}$Zr, at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm {NN}}}$ = 200 GeV have been performed at RHIC in order to study the charge separation along the magnetic field, called the Chiral…
Highlights from Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) and experiments at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) are presented for the years 2011--2013. This review is a combination of lectures which discussed the latest results each…
We review some basic concepts of Relativistic Heavy Ion Physics and discuss our understanding of some key results from the experimental program at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). We focus in particular on the early time dynamics…