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Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities as their scale expands to billions of parameters. Deploying these large-scale models on resource-constrained platforms presents significant…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Keran Zheng , Yinting Huang , Zhewen Yu , Christos-Savvas Bouganis

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT), especially Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), has emerged as a promising approach to fine-tuning large language models(LLMs) while reducing computational and memory overhead. However, LoRA assumes a uniform…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Hao Zhang , Zhenjia Li , Runfeng Bao , Yifan Gao , Xi Xiao , Heng Zhang , Shuyang Zhang , Bo Huang , Yuhang Wu , Tianyang Wang , Hao Xu

Adapting Large Language Models (LLMs) to new tasks through fine-tuning has been made more efficient by the introduction of Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) techniques, such as LoRA. However, these methods often underperform compared…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Chunlin Tian , Zhan Shi , Zhijiang Guo , Li Li , Chengzhong Xu

Low-Rank Adapters (LoRAs) have transformed the fine-tuning of Large Language Models (LLMs) by enabling parameter-efficient updates. However, their widespread adoption remains limited by the reliance on GPU-based training. In this work, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Reza Arabpour , Haitz Sáez de Ocáriz Borde , Anastasis Kratsios

Training and fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) come with challenges related to memory and computational requirements due to the increasing size of the model weights and the optimizer states. Various techniques have been developed to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Yehonathan Refael , Jonathan Svirsky , Boris Shustin , Wasim Huleihel , Ofir Lindenbaum

Due to the demand for efficient fine-tuning of large language models, Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has been widely adopted as one of the most effective parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods. Nevertheless, while LoRA improves efficiency,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Naibin Gu , Zhenyu Zhang , Xiyu Liu , Peng Fu , Zheng Lin , Shuohuan Wang , Yu Sun , Hua Wu , Weiping Wang , Haifeng Wang

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) with high parameter efficiency for downstream tasks has become a new paradigm. Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) significantly reduces the number of trainable parameters for fine-tuning. Although it has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Jia-Chen Zhang , Yu-Jie Xiong , He-Xi Qiu , Dong-Hai Zhu , Chun-Ming Xia

The growing gap between the increasing complexity of large language models (LLMs) and the limited computational budgets of edge devices poses a key challenge for efficient on-device inference, despite gradual improvements in hardware…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Xiangchen Li , Dimitrios Spatharakis , Saeid Ghafouri , Jiakun Fan , Hans Vandierendonck , Deepu John , Bo Ji , Dimitrios Nikolopoulos

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) encounter challenges in processing long sequences on edge devices due to the quadratic complexity of attention mechanisms and growing memory demands from Key-Value (KV) cache. Existing KV cache…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Jiyu Chen , Shuang Peng , Daxiong Luo , Fan Yang , Renshou Wu , Fangyuan Li , Xiaoxin Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become extremely potent instruments with exceptional capacities for comprehending and producing human-like text in a wide range of applications. However, the increasing size and complexity of LLMs present…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Yingbing Huang , Lily Jiaxin Wan , Hanchen Ye , Manvi Jha , Jinghua Wang , Yuhong Li , Xiaofan Zhang , Deming Chen

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) has achieved remarkable performance across various natural language processing tasks, yet it demands more and more memory as model sizes keep growing. To address this issue, the recently proposed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Yifan Yang , Kai Zhen , Ershad Banijamal , Athanasios Mouchtaris , Zheng Zhang

LoRaWAN is a wireless technology that enables high-density deployments of IoT devices. Designed for Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN), LoRaWAN employs large cells to service a potentially extremely high number of devices. The technology…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Stefano Milani , Ioannis Chatzigiannakis , Domenico Garlisi , Matteo Di Fraia , Patrizio Pisani

The advance of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is continuously reshaping the future 6G wireless communications. Particularly, the development of Large Language Models (LLMs) offers a promising approach to effectively improve the performance…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Tianyue Zheng , Linglong Dai

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) is essential for adapting large language models (LLMs), with low-rank adaptation (LoRA) being the most popular approach. However, LoRA suffers from slow convergence, and some recent LoRA variants, such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Chenlu Guo , Yuan Wu , Yi Chang

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is a crucial method for efficiently fine-tuning large language models (LLMs), with its effectiveness influenced by two key factors: rank selection and weight initialization. While numerous LoRA variants have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Haonan He , Peng Ye , Yuchen Ren , Yuan Yuan , Luyang Zhou , Shucun Ju , Lei Chen

Large generative models (for example, language and diffusion models) enable high-quality text and image synthesis but are hard to train or adapt in cross-device federated settings due to heavy computation and communication and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Kabir Khan , Manju Sarkar , Anita Kar , Suresh Ghosh

Serverless Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as a cost-effective solution for deploying AI services by enabling a 'pay-as-you-go' pricing model through GPU resource sharing. However, cold-start latency, especially the model loading…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Wenbin Zhu , Zhaoyan Shen , Zili Shao , Hongjun Dai , Feng Chen

Large language models are first pre-trained on trillions of tokens and then instruction-tuned or aligned to specific preferences. While pre-training remains out of reach for most researchers due to the compute required, fine-tuning has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Megh Thakkar , Quentin Fournier , Matthew D Riemer , Pin-Yu Chen , Amal Zouaq , Payel Das , Sarath Chandar

Finetuned LLMs often exhibit poor uncertainty quantification, manifesting as overconfidence, poor calibration, and unreliable prediction results on test data or out-of-distribution samples. One approach commonly used in vision for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Xi Wang , Laurence Aitchison , Maja Rudolph

In this paper, we present Delta-LoRA, which is a novel parameter-efficient approach to fine-tune large language models (LLMs). In contrast to LoRA and other low-rank adaptation methods such as AdaLoRA, Delta-LoRA not only updates the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Bojia Zi , Xianbiao Qi , Lingzhi Wang , Jianan Wang , Kam-Fai Wong , Lei Zhang