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Fourier neural operators (FNOs) can learn highly nonlinear mappings between function spaces, and have recently become a popular tool for learning responses of complex physical systems. However, to achieve good accuracy and efficiency, FNOs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Ning Liu , Siavash Jafarzadeh , Yue Yu

Recent advancements in operator-type neural networks have shown promising results in approximating the solutions of spatiotemporal Partial Differential Equations (PDEs). However, these neural networks often entail considerable training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Shuhao Cao , Francesco Brarda , Ruipeng Li , Yuanzhe Xi

Fourier Neural Operators (FNOs) have been promoted as fast, mesh-invariant surrogates for partial-differential equation solvers, with seismic studies reporting orders-of-magnitude speedup over classical methods. We revisit those claims by…

Geophysics · Physics 2025-08-18 Dimitri Voytan , Litan Li

In the study of subsurface seismic imaging, solving the acoustic wave equation is a pivotal component in existing models. The advancement of deep learning enables solving partial differential equations, including wave equations, by applying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-10 Bian Li , Hanchen Wang , Shihang Feng , Xiu Yang , Youzuo Lin

High-fidelity simulations of laser welding capture complex thermo-fluid phenomena, including phase change, free-surface deformation, and keyhole dynamics, however their computational cost limits large-scale process exploration and real-time…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Alix Benoit , Toni Ivas , Mateusz Papierz , Asel Sagingalieva , Alexey Melnikov , Elia Iseli

Neural operators learn mappings between function spaces, which is practical for learning solution operators of PDEs and other scientific modeling applications. Among them, the Fourier neural operator (FNO) is a popular architecture that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Miguel Liu-Schiaffini , Julius Berner , Boris Bonev , Thorsten Kurth , Kamyar Azizzadenesheli , Anima Anandkumar

We apply Fourier neural operators (FNOs), a state-of-the-art operator learning technique, to forecast the temporal evolution of experimentally measured velocity fields. FNOs are a recently developed machine learning method capable of…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-01-23 Peter I Renn , Cong Wang , Sahin Lale , Zongyi Li , Anima Anandkumar , Morteza Gharib

We propose an extended Fourier neural operator (FNO) architecture for learning state and linear quadratic additive optimal control of systems governed by partial differential equations. Using the Ehrenpreis-Palamodov fundamental principle,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Zhexian Li , Ketan Savla

Modeling high-frequency information is a critical challenge in scientific machine learning. For instance, fully turbulent flow simulations of the Navier-Stokes equations at Reynolds numbers 3500 and above can generate high-frequency signals…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Marimuthu Kalimuthu , David Holzmüller , Mathias Niepert

Neural operators have emerged as a powerful, data-driven paradigm for learning solution operators of partial differential equations (PDEs). State-of-the-art architectures, such as the Fourier Neural Operator (FNO), have achieved remarkable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Saman Pordanesh , Pejman Shahsavari , Hossein Ghadjari

Fourier Neural Operator (FNO) is a powerful and popular operator learning method. However, FNO is mainly used in forward prediction, yet a great many applications rely on solving inverse problems. In this paper, we propose an invertible…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Da Long , Zhitong Xu , Qiwei Yuan , Yin Yang , Shandian Zhe

Magnetotelluric (MT) forward modeling is fundamental for improving the accuracy and efficiency of MT inversion. Neural operators (NOs) have been effectively used for rapid MT forward modeling, demonstrating their promising performance in…

Geophysics · Physics 2025-07-10 Feng Wang , Hong Qiu , Yingying Huang , Xiaozhe Gu , Renfang Wang , Bo Yang

Neural operators have emerged as powerful surrogates for dynamical systems due to their grid-invariant properties and computational efficiency. However, the Fourier-based neural operator framework inherently truncates high-frequency…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Tianyue Yang , Xiao Xue

With the recent rise of neural operators, scientific machine learning offers new solutions to quantify uncertainties associated with high-fidelity numerical simulations. Traditional neural networks, such as Convolutional Neural Networks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Fanny Lehmann , Filippo Gatti , Michaël Bertin , Didier Clouteau

Memory complexity and data scarcity have so far prohibited learning solution operators of partial differential equations (PDEs) at high resolutions. We address these limitations by introducing a new data efficient and highly parallelizable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Jean Kossaifi , Nikola Kovachki , Kamyar Azizzadenesheli , Anima Anandkumar

The Monte Carlo-type Neural Operator (MCNO) introduces a framework for learning solution operators of one-dimensional partial differential equations (PDEs) by directly learning the kernel function and approximating the associated integral…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Salah Eddine Choutri , Prajwal Chauhan , Othmane Mazhar , Saif Eddin Jabari

Deep learning methods are emerging as popular computational tools for solving forward and inverse problems in traffic flow. In this paper, we study a neural operator framework for learning solutions to nonlinear hyperbolic partial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Bilal Thonnam Thodi , Sai Venkata Ramana Ambadipudi , Saif Eddin Jabari

High-fidelity direct numerical simulation of turbulent flows for most real-world applications remains an outstanding computational challenge. Several machine learning approaches have recently been proposed to alleviate the computational…

Neural operators have emerged as a powerful data-driven paradigm for solving partial differential equations (PDEs), while their accuracy and scalability are still limited, particularly on irregular domains where fluid flows exhibit rich…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Qinxuan Wang , Chuang Wang , Mingyu Zhang , Jingwei Sun , Peipei Yang , Shuo Tang , Shiming Xiang

Solving Singularly Perturbed Differential Equations (SPDEs) poses computational challenges arising from the rapid transitions in their solutions within thin regions. The effectiveness of deep learning in addressing differential equations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Ye Li , Ting Du , Yiwen Pang , Zhongyi Huang