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Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) has emerged as an effective approach to aligning large language models (LLMs) to human preferences. RLHF contains three steps, i.e., human preference collecting, reward learning, and policy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Hao Lang , Fei Huang , Yongbin Li

While Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) is widely used to align Large Language Models (LLMs) with human preferences, it typically assumes homogeneous preferences across users, overlooking diverse human values and minority…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Yijiang River Dong , Tiancheng Hu , Yinhong Liu , Ahmet Üstün , Nigel Collier

Large foundation models pretrained on raw web-scale data are not readily deployable without additional step of extensive alignment to human preferences. Such alignment is typically done by collecting large amounts of pairwise comparisons…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Daiwei Chen , Yi Chen , Aniket Rege , Ramya Korlakai Vinayak

Reinforcement learning (RL) systems typically optimize scalar reward functions that assume precise and reliable evaluation of outcomes. However, real-world objectives--especially those derived from human preferences--are often uncertain,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Disha Singha

Designing a reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) algorithm to approximate a human's unobservable reward function requires assuming, implicitly or explicitly, a model of human preferences. A preference model that poorly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Stephane Hatgis-Kessell , W. Bradley Knox , Serena Booth , Peter Stone

3D content creation from text prompts has shown remarkable success recently. However, current text-to-3D methods often generate 3D results that do not align well with human preferences. In this paper, we present a comprehensive framework,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Junliang Ye , Fangfu Liu , Qixiu Li , Zhengyi Wang , Yikai Wang , Xinzhou Wang , Yueqi Duan , Jun Zhu

This paper addresses the challenge of aligning large language models (LLMs) with diverse human preferences within federated learning (FL) environments, where standard methods often fail to adequately represent diverse viewpoints. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Mahmoud Srewa , Tianyu Zhao , Salma Elmalaki

Incorporating human feedback has been shown to be crucial to align text generated by large language models to human preferences. We hypothesize that state-of-the-art instructional image editing models, where outputs are generated based on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Shu Zhang , Xinyi Yang , Yihao Feng , Can Qin , Chia-Chih Chen , Ning Yu , Zeyuan Chen , Huan Wang , Silvio Savarese , Stefano Ermon , Caiming Xiong , Ran Xu

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) has been crucial in aligning large language models (LLMs) with human values. Traditionally, RLHF involves generating responses to a query and using a reward model to assign a reward to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Wenxuan Zhou , Shujian Zhang , Lingxiao Zhao , Tao Meng

AI-based peer review systems tend to produce shallow and overpraising suggestions compared to human feedback. Here, we evaluate how well a reasoning LLM trained with multi-objective reinforcement learning (REMOR) can overcome these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Pawin Taechoyotin , Daniel Acuna

Reward modeling has become a cornerstone of aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences. Yet, when extended to subjective and open-ended domains such as role play, existing reward models exhibit severe degradation,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Hang Ding , Qiming Feng , Dongqi Liu , Qi Zhao , Tao Yao , Shuo Wang , Dongsheng Chen , Jian Li , Zhenye Gan , Jiangning Zhang , Chengjie Wang , Yabiao Wang

Reward models (RMs) are a core component in the post-training of large language models (LLMs), serving as proxies for human preference evaluation and guiding model alignment. However, training reliable RMs under limited resources remains…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Dengcan Liu , Jiahao Li , Zheren Fu , Yi Tu , Jiajun Li , Zhendong Mao , Yongdong Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly employed in software engineering tasks such as requirements elicitation, design, and evaluation, raising critical questions regarding their alignment with human judgments on responsible AI…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Asma Yamani , Malak Baslyman , Moataz Ahmed

RLHF has emerged as a predominant approach for aligning artificial intelligence systems with human preferences, demonstrating exceptional and measurable efficacy in instruction following tasks; however, it exhibits insufficient compliance…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Ruopei Sun , Jianfeng Cai , Jinhua Zhu , Kangwen Zhao , Dongyun Xue , Wengang Zhou , Li Li , Houqiang Li

Learning from human feedback is a prominent technique to align the output of large language models (LLMs) with human expectations. Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) leverages human preference signals that are in the form of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Di Jin , Shikib Mehri , Devamanyu Hazarika , Aishwarya Padmakumar , Sungjin Lee , Yang Liu , Mahdi Namazifar

Aligning large language models to human preferences is inherently multidimensional, yet most pipelines collapse heterogeneous signals into a single optimizeable objective. We seek to answer what it would take to simultaneously align a model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Yiran Shen , Yu Xia , Jonathan Chang , Prithviraj Ammanabrolu

Aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences through reinforcement learning (RLHF) can lead to reward hacking, where LLMs exploit failures in the reward model (RM) to achieve seemingly high rewards without meeting the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Alexandre Ramé , Nino Vieillard , Léonard Hussenot , Robert Dadashi , Geoffrey Cideron , Olivier Bachem , Johan Ferret

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) has emerged as a important paradigm for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences during post-training. This framework typically involves two stages: first, training a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Wenyuan Xu , Xiaochen Zuo , Chao Xin , Yu Yue , Lin Yan , Yonghui Wu

Understanding human preferences is crucial for improving foundation models and building personalized AI systems. However, preferences are inherently diverse and complex, making it difficult for traditional reward models to capture their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Feng Luo , Rui Yang , Hao Sun , Chunyuan Deng , Jiarui Yao , Jingyan Shen , Huan Zhang , Hanjie Chen

Fine-grained control over large language models (LLMs) remains a significant challenge, hindering their adaptability to diverse user needs. While Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) shows promise in aligning LLMs, its reliance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-07 Haoxiang Wang , Yong Lin , Wei Xiong , Rui Yang , Shizhe Diao , Shuang Qiu , Han Zhao , Tong Zhang