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Long Short Term Memory Connectionist Temporal Classification (LSTM-CTC) based end-to-end models are widely used in speech recognition due to its simplicity in training and efficiency in decoding. In conventional LSTM-CTC based models, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-03-14 Yangyang Shi , Mei-Yuh Hwang , Xin Lei

Speech language models (Speech LMs) enable end-to-end speech-text modeling within a single model, offering a promising direction for spoken dialogue systems. The choice of speech-text jointly decoding paradigm plays a critical role in…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-12 Haibin Wu , Yuxuan Hu , Ruchao Fan , Xiaofei Wang , Kenichi Kumatani , Bo Ren , Jianwei Yu , Heng Lu , Lijuan Wang , Yao Qian , Jinyu Li

The multi-codebook speech codec enables the application of large language models (LLM) in TTS but bottlenecks efficiency and robustness due to multi-sequence prediction. To avoid this obstacle, we propose Single-Codec, a single-codebook…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-12 Hanzhao Li , Liumeng Xue , Haohan Guo , Xinfa Zhu , Yuanjun Lv , Lei Xie , Yunlin Chen , Hao Yin , Zhifei Li

As Large Language Models (LLMs) can now process extremely long contexts, efficient inference over these extended inputs has become increasingly important, especially for emerging applications like LLM agents that highly depend on this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Penghui Yang , Cunxiao Du , Fengzhuo Zhang , Haonan Wang , Tianyu Pang , Chao Du , Bo An

Speech language models refer to language models with speech processing and understanding capabilities. One key desirable capability for speech language models is the ability to capture the intricate interdependency between content and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Kaizhi Qian , Xulin Fan , Junrui Ni , Slava Shechtman , Mark Hasegawa-Johnson , Chuang Gan , Yang Zhang

Speech Language Models (SLMs) have recently emerged as a unified paradigm for addressing a wide range of speech-related tasks, including text-to-speech (TTS), speech enhancement (SE), and automatic speech recognition (ASR). However, the…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Yiwen Zhao , Jiatong Shi , Jinchuan Tian , Yuxun Tang , Jiarui Hai , Jionghao Han , Shinji Watanabe

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive versatility as general purpose models. However, their broad applicability comes at a high-cost computational overhead, particularly in auto-regressive decoding where each step requires a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Itay Nakash , Nitay Calderon , Eyal Ben David , Elad Hoffer , Roi Reichart

Non-parallel many-to-many voice conversion remains an interesting but challenging speech processing task. Recently, AutoVC, a conditional autoencoder based method, achieved excellent conversion results by disentangling the speaker identity…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-08-09 Huaizhen Tang , Xulong Zhang , Jianzong Wang , Ning Cheng , Zhen Zeng , Edward Xiao , Jing Xiao

While large language models (LLMs) have been applied to automatic speech recognition (ASR), the task of making the model streamable remains a challenge. This paper proposes a novel model architecture, Transducer-Llama, that integrates LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Keqi Deng , Jinxi Guo , Yingyi Ma , Niko Moritz , Philip C. Woodland , Ozlem Kalinli , Mike Seltzer

To join the advantages of classical and end-to-end approaches for speech recognition, we present a simple, novel and competitive approach for phoneme-based neural transducer modeling. Different alignment label topologies are compared and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-21 Wei Zhou , Simon Berger , Ralf Schlüter , Hermann Ney

We introduce a large language model (LLM) capable of processing speech inputs and show that tuning it further with reinforcement learning on human preference (RLHF) enables it to adapt better to disordered speech than traditional…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-03 Chirag Nagpal , Subhashini Venugopalan , Jimmy Tobin , Marilyn Ladewig , Katherine Heller , Katrin Tomanek

Large Audio Language Models (LALMs) demonstrate impressive performance across diverse tasks, ranging from speech recognition to general audio understanding. However, their scalability is limited by the quadratic complexity of attention and…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-27 Saurabhchand Bhati , Samuel Thomas , Hilde Kuehne , Rogerio Feris , James Glass

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have achieved huge success in the natural language processing (NLP) field, driving a growing demand to extend their deployment from the cloud to edge devices. However, deploying LLMs on…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Yanbiao Liang , Huihong Shi , Haikuo Shao , Zhongfeng Wang

Recently, representation learning for text and speech has successfully improved many language related tasks. However, all existing methods suffer from two limitations: (a) they only learn from one input modality, while a unified…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-15 Renjie Zheng , Junkun Chen , Mingbo Ma , Liang Huang

Although Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in vision, language, and video understanding tasks, scaling them to long-form speech remains a critical bottleneck due to the explosive growth of…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-03 Junseok Lee , Sangyong Lee , Chang-Jae Chun

We propose Neural-FST Class Language Model (NFCLM) for end-to-end speech recognition, a novel method that combines neural network language models (NNLMs) and finite state transducers (FSTs) in a mathematically consistent framework. Our…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Antoine Bruguier , Duc Le , Rohit Prabhavalkar , Dangna Li , Zhe Liu , Bo Wang , Eun Chang , Fuchun Peng , Ozlem Kalinli , Michael L. Seltzer

Large language models (LLM) have demonstrated the ability to understand human language by leveraging large amount of text data. Automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems are often limited by available transcribed speech data and benefit…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-26 Prashanth Gurunath Shivakumar , Jari Kolehmainen , Aditya Gourav , Yi Gu , Ankur Gandhe , Ariya Rastrow , Ivan Bulyko

Speech tokenization serves as the foundation of speech language model (LM), enabling them to perform various tasks such as spoken language modeling, text-to-speech, speech-to-text, etc. Most speech tokenizers are trained independently of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Arnon Turetzky , Yossi Adi

Recently, end-to-end automatic speech recognition models based on connectionist temporal classification (CTC) have achieved impressive results, especially when fine-tuned from wav2vec2.0 models. Due to the conditional independence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Keqi Deng , Songjun Cao , Yike Zhang , Long Ma , Gaofeng Cheng , Ji Xu , Pengyuan Zhang

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly popularized in the multilingual world, ensuring hallucination-free factuality becomes markedly crucial. However, existing benchmarks for evaluating the reliability of Multimodal Large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Yexing Du , Kaiyuan Liu , Youcheng Pan , Zheng Chu , Bo Yang , Xiaocheng Feng , Ming Liu , Yang Xiang
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