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The ring and gap structures found in observed protoplanetary disks are often attributed to embedded gap-opening planets and typically modeled with simplified thermodynamics in the 2D, thin disk approximation. However, it has been shown that…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-28 Alexandros Ziampras , Amelia J. Cordwell , Roman R. Rafikov , Richard P. Nelson

Protoplanetary disks can exhibit asymmetric temperature variations due to phenomena such as shadows cast by the inner disk or localized heating by young planets. We investigate the disk features induced by these asymmetric temperature…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-02-26 Zhaohuan Zhu , Shangjia Zhang , Ted Johnson

In this work, we study how the dust coagulation/fragmentation will influence the evolution and observational appearances of vortices induced by a massive planet embedded in a low viscosity disk by performing global 2D high-resolution…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-04-08 Ya-Ping Li , Hui Li , Shengtai Li , Tilman Birnstiel , Joanna Drazkowska , Sebastian Stammler

The formation of planets strongly depends on the total amount as well as on the spatial distribution of solids in protoplanetary disks. Thanks to the improvements in resolution and sensitivity provided by ALMA, measurements of the surface…

Observations support the hypothesis that gas disk gravitational instability might explain the formation of massive or wide-orbit gas giant exoplanets. The situation with regard to Jupiter-mass exoplanets orbiting within $\sim$ 20 au is more…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-05-05 Alan P. Boss

Dust plays a key role in the formation of planets and its emission also provides one of our most accessible views of protoplanetary discs. If set by radiative equilibrium with the central star, the temperature of dust in the disc plateaus…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2021-03-17 T. J. Haworth

We propose the possibility of a new phenomenon affecting the settling of dust grains at the terrestrial region in early protoplanetary disks. Sinking dust grains evaporate in a hot inner region during the early stage of disk evolution, and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-11-08 Yoshinori Miyazaki , Jun Korenaga

New ALMA observations of protoplanetary disks allow us to probe planet formation in other systems, giving us new constraints on planet formation processes. Meanwhile, studies of our own Solar System rely on constraints derived in a…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-03-14 C. Bergez-Casalou , B. Bitsch , N. T. Kurtovic , P. Pinilla

As spiral waves driven by a planet in a gaseous disk steepen into a shock, they deposit angular momentum, opening a gap in the disk. This has been well studied using both linear theory and numerical simulations, but so far, only for the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-12-20 Jaehan Bae , Zhaohuan Zhu , Lee Hartmann

Protoplanetary disks naturally emerge during protostellar core-collapse. In their early evolutionary stages, infalling material dominates their dynamical evolution. In the context of planet formation, this means that the conditions in young…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-23 L. -A. Hühn , C. P. Dullemond , U. Lebreuilly , R. S. Klessen , A. Maury , G. P. Rosotti , P. Hennebelle , E. Pacetti , L. Testi , S. Molinari

ALMA has revealed that the millimetre dust structures of protoplanetary discs are extremely diverse. It has been proposed that the strength of H$_2$O emission in the inner disc particularly depends on the influx of icy pebbles from the…

Cold debris disks trace the limits of planet formation or migration in the outer regions of planetary systems, and thus have the potential to answer many of the outstanding questions in wide-orbit planet formation and evolution. We…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-16 Nicholas P. Ballering , George H. Rieke , Kate Y. L. Su , Edward Montiel

The growth of solids from sub-micron to millimeter and centimeter sizes is the early step toward the formation of planets inside protoplanetary disks (PPDs). However, such processes and their potential impact on the later stages of solid…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-06-19 Ya-Ping Li , Hui Li , Luca Ricci , Shengtai Li , Tilman Birnstiel , Andrea Isella , Megan Ansdell , Feng Yuan , Joanna Drazkowska , Sebastian Stammler

Gap-opening planets can generate dust-trapping vortices that may explain some of the latest discoveries of high-contrast crescent-shaped dust asymmetries in transition discs. While planet-induced vortices were previously thought to have…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-11-07 Michael Hammer , Paola Pinilla , Kaitlin M. Kratter , Min-Kai Lin

Context: Planets in accretion disks can excite spiral shocks, and---if massive enough---open gaps in their vicinity. Both of these effects can influence the overall disk thermal structure. Aims: We model planets of different masses and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-08 Alexandros Ziampras , Sareh Ataiee , Wilhelm Kley , Cornelis P. Dullemond , Clément Baruteau

Close-in super-Earths are the most abundant exoplanets known. It has been hypothesized that they form in the inner regions of protoplanetary discs, out of the dust that may accumulate at the boundary between the inner region susceptible to…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2021-12-08 Marija R. Jankovic , Subhanjoy Mohanty , James E. Owen , Jonathan C. Tan

We numerically model the evolution of dust in a protoplanetary disk using a two-phase (gas+dust) Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) code, which is non-self-gravitating and locally isothermal. The code follows the three dimensional…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 S. T. Maddison , L. Fouchet , J. -F. Gonzalez

Using radiation hydrodynamics simulations, we explore the evolution of circumplanetary disks around wide-orbit proto-gas giants. At large distances from the star (~100 AU), gravitational instability followed by disk fragmentation can form…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-15 Megan Shabram , Aaron Boley

We perform a comparative numerical hydrodynamics study of embedded protostellar disks formed as a result of the gravitational collapse of cloud cores of distinct mass (M_cl=0.2--1.7 M_sun) and ratio of rotational to gravitational energy…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-19 Eduard I. Vorobyov

Partial condensation of dust from the Solar nebula is likely responsible for the diverse chemical compositions of chondrites and rocky planets/planetesimals in the inner Solar system. We present a forward physical-chemical model of a…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-05-13 Min Li , Shichun Huang , Michail I. Petaev , Zhaohuan Zhu , Jason H. Steffen