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Most cosmological data analysis today relies on the Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) metric, providing the basis of the current standard cosmological model. Within this framework, interesting tensions between our increasingly…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-12-01 Hayley J. Macpherson , Asta Heinesen

Anisotropies in the distance-redshift relation of cosmological sources are expected due to large-scale inhomogeneities in the local Universe. When the observed sources are tracing a large-scale matter flow in a general spacetime geometry,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-06-05 Julian Adamek , Chris Clarkson , Ruth Durrer , Asta Heinesen , Martin Kunz , Hayley J. Macpherson

The interpretation of cosmological observations relies on a notion of an average Universe, which is usually considered as the homogeneous and isotropic Friedmann-Lema\^itre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) model. However, inhomogeneities may…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-11-24 Michel-Andrès Breton , Pierre Fleury

The Cosmological Principle, which states that the Universe is homogeneous and isotropic (when averaged on large scales), is the foundational assumption of Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) cosmologies such as the current standard…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-15 Nathan Secrest , Sebastian von Hausegger , Mohamed Rameez , Roya Mohayaee , Subir Sarkar

In this work we present the first results from a new ray-tracing tool to calculate cosmological distances in the context of fully nonlinear general relativity. We use this tool to study the ability of the general cosmographic representation…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-03-15 Hayley J. Macpherson

We assess the dominant low-redshift anisotropic signatures in the distance-redshift relation and redshift drift signals. We adopt general-relativistic irrotational dust models allowing for gravitational radiation -- the `quiet universe…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-04-06 Asta Heinesen , Hayley J. Macpherson

Discrepancies between distance measurements and $\Lambda$CDM predictions reveal notable features in the distance-redshift relation, possibly suggesting the presence of an evolving dark energy component. Given the central role of the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-06 David Camarena , Kylar Greene , John Houghteling , Francis-Yan Cyr-Racine

We develop a cosmographic framework for analysing redshift drift signals of nearby sources model-independently, i.e., without making assumptions about the metric description of the Universe. We show that the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-12-14 Asta Heinesen

On small scales the observable Universe is highly inhomogeneous, with galaxies and clusters forming a complex web of voids and filaments. The optical properties of such configurations can be quite different from the perfectly smooth…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-07-19 Viraj A. A. Sanghai , Pierre Fleury , Timothy Clifton

The present matter density of the Universe, while highly inhomogeneous on small scales, displays approximate homogeneity on large scales. We propose that whereas it is justified to use the Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) line…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Aseem Paranjape , T. P. Singh

The standard cosmological model involves the assumption of isotropy and homogeneity, a principle that is generally well-motivated but is now in conflict with various anisotropies found using independent astrophysical probes. These…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-06-25 Bryce Cousins , Arnab Dhani , Bangalore S. Sathyaprakash , Nicolás Yunes

We challenge the widely held belief that the cosmological principle is an obvious consequence of the observed isotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation, combined with the Copernican principle. We perform a detailed analysis of a…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 R. K. Barrett , C. A. Clarkson

The cosmological principle assumes the isotropy of the Universe at large scales. It is a foundational assumption in the $\Lambda$CDM model, which is the current standard model of cosmology. Recent tensions give legitimacy to investigating…

The galaxy distributions along the line-of-sight are significantly contaminated by the uncertainty on redshift measurements obtained through multiband photometry, which makes it difficult to get cosmic distance information measured from…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-07-15 Srivatsan Sridhar , Yong-Seon Song

Motivated by the dawn of precision cosmology and the wealth of forthcoming high precision and volume galaxy surveys, in this paper we study the effects of inhomogeneities on light propagation in a flat \Lambda CDM background. To this end we…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-03-19 Nikolai Meures , Marco Bruni

Recent measurements using catalogues of quasars and radio galaxies have shown that the dipole anisotropy in the large-scale distribution of matter is about twice as large as is expected in the standard $\Lambda$CDM model, indeed in any…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-15 Sebastian von Hausegger

We establish a relationship between the multipoles of the expansion rate fluctuation field $\eta,$ which capture in an accurate way deviations from isotropy in the redshift-distance relation, and the multipoles of the covariant cosmographic…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-01-06 Basheer Kalbouneh , Christian Marinoni , Roy Maartens

The observed two-point correlation functions of galaxies in redshift space become anisotropic due to the geometry of the universe as well as due to the presence of the peculiar velocity field. On the basis of linear perturbation theory, we…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-30 Takahiro T. Nakamura , Takahiko Matsubara , Yasushi Suto

The cosmological principle, as the cornerstone of the standard cosmological model, requires that the Universe be homogeneous and isotropic on large scales. As a fundamental assumption, it is constantly subjected to testing via various…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-21 Jianping Hu , Chao Geng , Xuandong Jia , Zhaoyu Zuo , Taozhi Yang , Fayin Wang

According to the Cosmological Principle, the matter distribution on very large scales should have a kinematic dipole that is aligned with that of the CMB. We determine the dipole anisotropy in the number counts of two all-sky surveys of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-04-11 C. A. P. Bengaly , R. Maartens , M. G. Santos
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