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One problem to solve in the context of information fusion, decision-making, and other artificial intelligence challenges is to compute justified beliefs based on evidence. In real-life examples, this evidence may be inconsistent,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Daira Pinto Prieto , Ronald de Haan , Aybüke Özgün

Neural network classifiers trained with cross-entropy loss achieve strong predictive accuracy but lack the capability to provide inherent predictive uncertainty estimates, thus requiring external techniques to obtain these estimates. In…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-08 Courtney Franzen , Farhad Pourkamali-Anaraki

The inaccuracy of neural network models on inputs that do not stem from the training data distribution is both problematic and at times unrecognized. Model uncertainty estimation can address this issue, where uncertainty estimates are often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-14 Siddhartha Jain , Ge Liu , Jonas Mueller , David Gifford

A set of novel approaches for estimating epistemic uncertainty in deep neural networks with a single forward pass has recently emerged as a valid alternative to Bayesian Neural Networks. On the premise of informative representations, these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-06 Janis Postels , Mattia Segu , Tao Sun , Luca Sieber , Luc Van Gool , Fisher Yu , Federico Tombari

Formulating accurate and robust classification strategies is a key challenge of developing diagnostic and antibody tests. Methods that do not explicitly account for disease prevalence and uncertainty therein can lead to significant…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-02-01 Paul N. Patrone , Anthony J. Kearsley

Purpose High dimensional, multimodal data can nowadays be analyzed by huge deep neural networks with little effort. Several fusion methods for bringing together different modalities have been developed. Given the prevalence of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Christian Gapp , Elias Tappeiner , Martin Welk , Karl Fritscher , Elke Ruth Gizewski , Rainer Schubert

A dynamic treatment regime is a sequence of medical decisions that adapts to the evolving clinical status of a patient over time. To facilitate personalized care, it is crucial to assess the probability of each available treatment option…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-11-05 Jiefeng Bi , Matteo Borrotti , Bernardo Nipoti

Mathematical models simulate various events under different conditions, enabling an early overview of the system to be implemented in practice, reducing the waste of resources and in less time. In project optimization, these models play a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-05-11 Gustavo Barbosa Libotte , Fran Sérgio Lobato , Francisco Duarte Moura Neto , Gustavo Mendes Platt

When human operators of cyber-physical systems encounter surprising behavior, they often consider multiple hypotheses that might explain it. In some cases, taking information-gathering actions such as additional measurements or control…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Ofer Dagan , Tyler Becker , Zachary N. Sunberg

Multimodal deep learning (MDL) has achieved remarkable success across various domains, yet its practical deployment is often hindered by incomplete multimodal data. Existing incomplete MDL methods either discard missing modalities, risking…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Siyi Du , Xinzhe Luo , Declan P. O'Regan , Chen Qin

Sequential multi-class diagnosis, also known as multi-hypothesis testing, is a classical sequential decision problem with broad applications. However, the optimal solution remains, in general, unknown as the dynamic program suffers from the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-12-07 Jue Wang

Many problems within personalized medicine and digital health rely on the analysis of continuous-time functional biomarkers and other complex data structures emerging from high-resolution patient monitoring. In this context, this work…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-01-14 Marcos Matabuena

Many statistical machine approaches could ultimately highlight novel features of the etiology of complex diseases by analyzing multi-omics data. However, they are sensitive to some deviations in distribution when the observed samples are…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-01-14 Md Ashad Alam , Hui Shen , Hong-Wen Deng

Deep learning-based support systems have demonstrated encouraging results in numerous clinical applications involving the processing of time series data. While such systems often are very accurate, they have no inherent mechanism for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-16 Kristoffer Wickstrøm , Karl Øyvind Mikalsen , Michael Kampffmeyer , Arthur Revhaug , Robert Jenssen

In real world clinical environments, training and applying deep learning models on multi-modal medical imaging data often struggles with partially incomplete data. Standard approaches either discard missing samples, require imputation or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Christoph Fürböck , Paul Weiser , Branko Mitic , Philipp Seeböck , Thomas Helbich , Georg Langs

Discrete choice models are essential for modelling various decision-making processes in human behaviour. However, the specification of these models has depended heavily on domain knowledge from experts, and the fully automated but…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Fumiyasu Makinoshima , Tatsuya Mitomi , Fumiya Makihara , Eigo Segawa

Liver cirrhosis is a major global health problem causing millions of deaths annually, and timely detection with aggressive treatment can significantly improve patients' quality of life. Modelling complex diseases from biomedical data is…

Other Quantitative Biology · Quantitative Biology 2026-04-29 Xueyuan Huang , Yuheng Wang , Yuanzhi He , Siqi Gou , Lu Bai , Wenqian Wu , Peifeng Liu , Aijia Wang , Tianhui Fan , Ze Zhou , Jiayu Xu

Recent advancements in Multimodal Emotion Recognition (MER) face challenges in addressing both modality missing and Out-Of-Distribution (OOD) data simultaneously. Existing methods often rely on specific models or introduce excessive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Guowei Zhong , Ruohong Huan , Mingzhen Wu , Ronghua Liang , Peng Chen

Image classification serves as the cornerstone of computer vision, traditionally achieved through discriminative models based on deep neural networks. Recent advancements have introduced classification methods derived from generative…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Chunxiao Li , Xiaoxiao Wang , Boming Miao , Chuanlong Xie , Zizhe Wang , Yao Zhu

We consider a two-stage distributionally robust optimization (DRO) model with multimodal uncertainty, where both the mode probabilities and uncertainty distributions could be affected by the first-stage decisions. To address this setting,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-03 Xian Yu , Beste Basciftci