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High-performance computing systems (HPC) provide powerful capabilities for modeling, simulation, and data analytics for a broad class of computational problems. They enable extreme performance of the order of quadrillion floating-point…
Generative AI, in particular large transformer models, are increasingly driving HPC system design in science and industry. We analyze performance characteristics of such transformer models and discuss their sensitivity to the transformer…
Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have revolutionized cardiovascular medicine, particularly through integration with computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), electrocardiography (ECG) and ultrasound…
Global food systems must deliver nutritious, sustainable foods while sharply reducing environmental impact. Yet, food innovation remains slow, empirical, and fragmented. Artificial intelligence (AI) offers a transformative path to link…
In recent years, the convergence of cybersecurity, artificial intelligence (AI), and data management has emerged as a critical area of research, driven by the increasing complexity and interdependence of modern technological ecosystems.…
AI-powered autonomous experimentation (AI/AE) can accelerate materials discovery but its effectiveness for electronic materials is hindered by data scarcity from lengthy and complex design-fabricate-test-analyze cycles. Unlike experienced…
Artificial intelligence (AI) has been transforming the practice of drug discovery in the past decade. Various AI techniques have been used in a wide range of applications, such as virtual screening and drug design. In this survey, we first…
Powerful artificial intelligence (AI) tools that have emerged in recent years -- including large language models, automated coding assistants, and advanced image and speech generation technologies -- are the result of monumental human…
Human-AI collaboration is evolving from a tool-based perspective to a partnership model where AI systems complement and enhance human capabilities. Traditional approaches often limit AI to a supportive role, missing the potential for…
The traditional production paradigm of large batch production does not offer flexibility towards satisfying the requirements of individual customers. A new generation of smart factories is expected to support new multi-variety and…
Artificial intelligence (AI) has brought benefits, but it may also cause harm if it is not appropriately developed. Current development is mainly driven by a "technology-centered" approach, causing many failures. For example, the AI…
The development of large-scale artificial intelligence (AI) models is influencing neuroscience research by enabling end-to-end learning from raw brain signals and neural data. In this paper, we review applications of large-scale AI models…
The optimization of large experiments in fundamental science, such as detectors for subnuclear physics at particle colliders, shares with the optimization of complex systems for industrial or societal applications the common issue of…
This paper proposes the innovative concept of "human factors science" to characterize engineering psychology, human factors engineering, human-computer interaction, and other similar fields. Although the perspectives in these fields differ,…
Reduced environmental effect, lower operating costs, and a stable and sustainable energy supply for current and future generations are the main reasons why power optimization is important. Power optimization makes ensuring that energy is…
As Generative AI systems increasingly engage in long-term, personal, and relational interactions, human-AI engagements are becoming significantly complex, making them more challenging to understand and govern. These Interactive AI systems…
The technology of Quantum Computing (QC) is continuously evolving, as researchers explore new technologies and the public gains access to quantum computers with an increasing number of qubits. In addition, the research community and…
As generative AI becomes embedded in higher education, it increasingly shapes how students complete academic tasks. While these systems offer efficiency and support, concerns persist regarding over-automation, diminished student agency, and…
Data-driven algorithmic matching systems promise to help human decision makers make better matching decisions in a wide variety of high-stakes application domains, such as healthcare and social service provision. However, existing systems…
Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly becoming one of the key technologies of this century. The majority of results in AI thus far have been achieved using deep neural networks trained with a learning algorithm called error…