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Open Radio Access Networks (O-RAN) are transforming telecommunications by shifting from centralized to distributed architectures, promoting flexibility, interoperability, and innovation through open interfaces and multi-vendor environments.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Zaineh Abughazzah , Emna Baccour , Ahmed Refaey , Amr Mohamed , Mounir Hamdi

Despite the rapid advancements in 5G technology, accurately assessing the energy consumption of its Radio Access Networks (RANs) remains a challenge due to the diverse range of applicable technologies and implementation solutions. Designing…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Anderson L de Araujo , Luc Deneire , Guillaume Urvoy-Keller , André L F de Almeida

The advent of 6G technology demands flexible, scalable wireless architectures to support ultra-low latency, high connectivity, and high device density. The Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) framework, with its open interfaces and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-22 Chenrui Sun , Swarna Bindu Chetty , Gianluca Fontanesi , Jie Zhang , Amirhossein Mohajerzadeh , David Grace , Hamed Ahmadi

In the rapidly evolving landscape of 5G and beyond, cloud-native Open Radio Access Networks (O-RAN) present a paradigm shift towards intelligent, flexible, and sustainable network operations. This study addresses the intricate challenge of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-17 Rana M. Sohaib , Syed Tariq Shah , Oluwakayode Onireti , Yusuf Sambo , M. A. Imran

The limited fronthaul capacity imposes a challenge on the uplink of centralized radio access network (C-RAN). We propose to boost the fronthaul capacity of massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) aided C-RAN by globally optimizing the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-01-01 Jiankang Zhang , Sheng Chen , Xinying Guo , Jia Shi , Lajos Hanzo

Next-generation wireless systems, already widely deployed, are expected to become even more prevalent in the future, representing challenges in both environmental and economic terms. This paper focuses on improving the energy efficiency of…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Matteo Bordin , Andrea Lacava , Michele Polese , Sai Satish , Manoj AnanthaSwamy Nittoor , Rajarajan Sivaraj , Francesca Cuomo , Tommaso Melodia

The Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) is a burgeoning market with projected growth in the upcoming years. RAN has the highest CAPEX impact on the network and, most importantly, consumes 73% of its total energy. That makes it an ideal target…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Ioannis Mavromatis , Stefano De Feo , Pietro Carnelli , Robert J. Piechocki , Aftab Khan

Open-radio access network (O-RAN) seeks to establish the principles of openness, programmability, automation, intelligence, and hardware-software disaggregation with interoperable and standard-compliant interfaces. It advocates for…

This paper presents the first ever fully open-source implementation of Load Balancing (LB) in an experimental Fifth Generation (5G) New Radio (NR) Standalone (SA) network using Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) architecture. The deployment…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Fahim Bashar , Asheesh Tripathi , Mayukh Roy Chowdhury , Aloizio Da Silva , Alexandre Huff

Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) offers an open, programmable architecture for next-generation wireless networks, enabling advanced control through AI-based applications on the near-Real-Time RAN Intelligent Controller (near-RT RIC).…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Ryan Barker , Alireza Ebrahimi Dorcheh , Tolunay Seyfi , Fatemeh Afghah

The evolution of the future beyond-5G/6G networks towards a service-aware network is based on network slicing technology. With network slicing, communication service providers seek to meet all the requirements imposed by the verticals,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Abderrahime Filali , Boubakr Nour , Soumaya Cherkaoui , Abdellatif Kobbane

Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN), a novel architecture that separates the traditional radio access network (RAN) into multiple disaggregated components, leads a revolution in the telecommunication ecosystems. Compared to the traditional…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Yi-Zih Chen , Terrance Yu-Hao Chen , Po-Jung Su , Chi-Ting Liu

The Open Radio Access Network (Open RAN) is an emerging idea -- transforming the traditional Radio Access Networks (RAN) that are monolithic and inflexible into more flexible and innovative. By leveraging open standard interfaces, data…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-28 L. Malakalapalli , V. Gudepu , B. Chirumamilla , S. J. Yadhunandan , K. Kondepu

Cognitive radio networks (CRNs) are acknowledged for their ability to tackle the issue of spectrum under-utilization. In the realm of CRNs, this paper investigates the energy efficiency issue and addresses the critical challenge of…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Deemah H. Tashman , Soumaya Cherkaoui , Walaa Hamouda

Radio Access Network (RAN) sharing, which often also includes spectrum sharing, is a strategic cooperative agreement among two or more mobile operators, where one operator may use another's RAN infrastructure to provide mobile services to…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Rostand A. K. Fezeu , Lilian C. Freitas , Eman Ramadan , Jason Carpenter , Claudio Fiandrino , Joerg Widmer , Zhi-Li Zhang

Recently, Cloud-based Radio Access Network (C-RAN) has been proposed as a potential solution to reduce energy cost in cellular networks. C-RAN centralizes the baseband processing capabilities of Base Stations (BSs) in a cloud computing…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-08-25 Qiang Fan , Hancheng Lu , Wei Jiang , Peilin Hong , Jun Wu , Chang Wen Chen

The transition toward softwarized Radio Access Networks (RANs), driven by the Open RAN (O-RAN) paradigm, enables flexible, vendor-neutral deployments through disaggregation and virtualization of base station functions. However, this shift…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Francisco Crespo , Javier Villegas , Carlos Baena , Eduardo Baena , Sergio Fortes , Raquel Barco

Functional split is a promising technique to flexibly balance the processing cost at remote ends and the fronthaul rate in cloud radio access networks (C-RAN). By harvesting renewable energy, remote radio units (RRUs) can save grid power…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-11-18 Liumeng Wang , Sheng Zhou

The fifth-generation of mobile radio technologies is expected to be agile, flexible, and scalable while provisioning ultra-reliable and low-latency communication (uRLLC), enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), and massive machine type…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Sourav Mondal , Marco Ruffini

As networks evolve towards 6G, Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) must accommodate diverse requirements and at the same time manage rising energy consumption. Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) networks facilitate dense cellular deployments…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Reshma Prasad , Maxime Elkael , Gabriele Gemmi , Osama M. Bushnaq , Debashisha Mishra , Prasanna Raut , Jennifer Simonjan , Michele Polese , Tommaso Melodia