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Spatiotemporal relationships are critical in data science, as many prediction and reasoning tasks require analysis across both spatial and temporal dimensions--for instance, navigating an unfamiliar city involves planning itineraries that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Xiao Han , Dayan Pan , Xiangyu Zhao , Xuyuan Hu , Zhaolin Deng , Xiangjie Kong , Guojiang Shen

Recent advancements in Large Video-Language Models (LVLMs) have led to promising results in multimodal video understanding. However, it remains unclear whether these models possess the cognitive capabilities required for high-level tasks,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Chenglin Li , Qianglong Chen , Zhi Li , Feng Tao , Yin Zhang

In recent years, large-scale vision-language models (VLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance on multimodal understanding and reasoning tasks. However, handling high-dimensional visual features often incurs substantial computational…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Xiaoyang Guo , Keze Wang

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have shown strong capabilities in document understanding, particularly in identifying and extracting textual information from complex documents. Despite this, accurately localizing answers within documents…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Alessio Chen , Simone Giovannini , Andrea Gemelli , Fabio Coppini , Simone Marinai

Safety-critical planning in complex environments, particularly at urban intersections, remains a fundamental challenge for autonomous driving. Existing methods, whether rule-based or data-driven, frequently struggle to capture complex scene…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Kefei Tian , Yuansheng Lian , Kai Yang , Xiangdong Chen , Shen Li

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as a promising paradigm for end-to-end autonomous driving. However, existing reasoning mechanisms still struggle to provide planning-oriented intermediate representations: textual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Minqing Huang , Yujiao Xiang , Zihan Liang , Jiajie Huang , Jingqi Wang , Zhi Xu , Feiyang Tan , Hangning Zhou , Mu Yang , Gong Che

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as a promising framework for end-to-end autonomous driving. However, existing VLAs typically rely on sparse action supervision, which underutilizes their powerful scene understanding and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Xiaodong Mei , Diankun Zhang , Hongwei Xie , Guang Chen , Hangjun Ye , Dan Xu

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as a promising framework for enabling generalist robots capable of perceiving, reasoning, and acting in the real world. These models usually build upon pretrained Vision-Language Models…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Tao Lin , Gen Li , Yilei Zhong , Yanwen Zou , Yuxin Du , Jiting Liu , Encheng Gu , Bo Zhao

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) and Multi-Modal Language models (MMLMs) have become prominent in autonomous driving research, as these models can provide interpretable textual reasoning and responses for end-to-end autonomous driving safety…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Akshay Gopalkrishnan , Ross Greer , Mohan Trivedi

Accurate visual understanding is imperative for advancing autonomous systems and intelligent robots. Despite the powerful capabilities of vision-language models (VLMs) in processing complex visual scenes, precisely recognizing obscured or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Huaxiang Zhang , Yaojia Mu , Guo-Niu Zhu , Zhongxue Gan

Spatio-temporal reasoning is essential in understanding real-world environments in various fields, eg, autonomous driving and sports analytics. Recent advances have improved the spatial reasoning ability of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Dohwan Ko , Sihyeon Kim , Yumin Suh , Vijay Kumar B. G , Minseo Yoon , Manmohan Chandraker , Hyunwoo J. Kim

Visual Question Answering (VQA) is an interdisciplinary field that bridges the gap between computer vision (CV) and natural language processing(NLP), enabling Artificial Intelligence(AI) systems to answer questions about images. Since its…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Anupam Pandey , Deepjyoti Bodo , Arpan Phukan , Asif Ekbal

In today's data-driven era, computational systems generate vast amounts of data that drive the digital transformation of industries, where Artificial Intelligence (AI) plays a key role. Currently, the demand for eXplainable AI (XAI) has…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Georgios Makridis , Vasileios Koukos , Georgios Fatouros , Dimosthenis Kyriazis

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) rely on sophisticated perception systems to interpret their surroundings, a cornerstone for safe navigation and decision-making. The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into AV perception frameworks offers…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Athanasios Karagounis

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) show promise for autonomous driving, yet their struggle with hallucinations, inefficient reasoning, and limited real-world validation hinders accurate perception and robust step-by-step reasoning. To overcome…

Visual Question Answering (VQA) models play a critical role in enhancing the perception capabilities of autonomous driving systems by allowing vehicles to analyze visual inputs alongside textual queries, fostering natural interaction and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Kaavya Rekanar , Martin Hayes , Ganesh Sistu , Ciaran Eising

This short paper presents a preliminary analysis of three popular Visual Question Answering (VQA) models, namely ViLBERT, ViLT, and LXMERT, in the context of answering questions relating to driving scenarios. The performance of these models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-31 Kaavya Rekanar , Ciarán Eising , Ganesh Sistu , Martin Hayes

While Vision-Language Models (VLMs) offer rich world knowledge for end-to-end autonomous driving, current approaches heavily rely on labor-intensive language annotations (e.g., VQA) to bridge perception and control. This paradigm suffers…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Chengen Xie , Chonghao Sima , Tianyu Li , Bin Sun , Junjie Wu , Zhihui Hao , Hongyang Li

Object-level spatial-temporal understanding is essential for video question answering, yet existing multimodal large language models (MLLMs) encode frames holistically and lack explicit mechanisms for fine-grained object grounding. Recent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Zekun Qian , Ruize Han , Wei Feng

Efficient trajectory planning in off-road terrains presents a formidable challenge for autonomous vehicles, often necessitating complex multi-step pipelines. However, traditional approaches exhibit limited adaptability in dynamic…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Liangdong Zhang , Yiming Nie , Haoyang Li , Fanjie Kong , Baobao Zhang , Shunxin Huang , Kai Fu , Chen Min , Liang Xiao