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Diffusion Large Language Models (dLLMs) have emerged as a promising alternative to Autoregressive Models (ARMs), utilizing parallel decoding to overcome sequential bottlenecks. However, existing research focuses primarily on kernel-level…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Jiakun Fan , Yanglin Zhang , Xiangchen Li , Dimitrios S. Nikolopoulos

The rapid evolution and widespread adoption of generative large language models (LLMs) have made them a pivotal workload in various applications. Today, LLM inference clusters receive a large number of queries with strict Service Level…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Jovan Stojkovic , Chaojie Zhang , Íñigo Goiri , Josep Torrellas , Esha Choukse

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate substantial potential across a diverse array of domains via request serving. However, as trends continue to push for expanding context sizes, the autoregressive nature of LLMs results in highly…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Bin Lin , Chen Zhang , Tao Peng , Hanyu Zhao , Wencong Xiao , Minmin Sun , Anmin Liu , Zhipeng Zhang , Lanbo Li , Xiafei Qiu , Shen Li , Zhigang Ji , Tao Xie , Yong Li , Wei Lin

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive performance in long context generation. Extending the context length has disproportionately shifted the memory footprint of LLMs during inference to the key-value cache…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Cheng Luo , Zefan Cai , Hanshi Sun , Jinqi Xiao , Bo Yuan , Wen Xiao , Junjie Hu , Jiawei Zhao , Beidi Chen , Anima Anandkumar

Long-context LLM serving is bottlenecked by the cost of attending over ever-growing KV caches. Dynamic sparse attention promises relief by accessing only a small, query-dependent subset of the KV state per decoding step and extending the KV…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Zihan Zhao , Baotong Lu , Shengjie Lin , Yizou Chen , Jing Liu , Yanqi Zhang , Ziming Miao , Ming-Chang Yang , Haiying Shen , Qi Chen , Fan Yang

Large language model (LLM) inference at the network edge is a promising serving paradigm that leverages distributed edge resources to run inference near users and enhance privacy. Existing edge-based LLM inference systems typically adopt…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-14 Bingjie Zhu , Zhixiong Chen , Liqiang Zhao , Hyundong Shin , Arumugam Nallanathan

As Large Language Models (LLMs) gain traction, their reliance on power-hungry GPUs places ever-increasing energy demands, raising environmental and monetary concerns. Inference dominates LLM workloads, presenting a critical challenge for…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Andreas Kosmas Kakolyris , Dimosthenis Masouros , Petros Vavaroutsos , Sotirios Xydis , Dimitrios Soudris

Lossless model compression holds tremendous promise for alleviating the memory and bandwidth bottlenecks in bit-exact Large Language Model (LLM) serving. However, existing approaches often result in substantial inference slowdowns due to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Ruibo Fan , Xiangrui Yu , Xinglin Pan , Zeyu Li , Weile Luo , Qiang Wang , Wei Wang , Xiaowen Chu

Distributed prefix caching has become a core technique for efficient LLM serving. However, for long-context requests with high cache hit ratios, retrieving reusable KVCache blocks from remote servers has emerged as a new performance…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Weiye Wang , Chen Chen , Junxue Zhang , Zhusheng Wang , Hui Yuan , Zixuan Guan , Xiaolong Zheng , Qizhen Weng , Yin Chen , Minyi Guo

Efficient LLM serving must balance throughput and latency across diverse, bursty workloads. We introduce StreamServe, a disaggregated prefill decode serving architecture that combines metric aware routing across compute lanes with adaptive…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Satyam Kumar , Arpit Singh Gautam , Kailash Talreja , Saurabh Jha

The past few years has witnessed specialized large language model (LLM) inference systems, such as vLLM, SGLang, Mooncake, and DeepFlow, alongside rapid LLM adoption via services like ChatGPT. Driving these system design efforts is the…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-06-30 James Pan , Guoliang Li

Large-scale machine learning workloads increasingly rely on multi-GPU systems, yet their performance is often limited by an overlooked component: the CPU. Through a detailed study of modern large language model (LLM) inference and serving…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Euijun Chung , Yuxiao Jia , Aaron Jezghani , Hyesoon Kim

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional proficiency in understanding and generating human language, but efficient inference on resource-constrained embedded devices remains challenging due to large model sizes and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Weihong Xu , Haein Choi , Po-kai Hsu , Shimeng Yu , Tajana Rosing

Serverless computing offers attractive scalability, elasticity and cost-effectiveness. However, constraints on memory, CPU and function runtime have hindered its adoption for data-intensive applications and machine learning (ML) workloads.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Joe Oakley , Hakan Ferhatosmanoglu

The billion-scale Large Language Models (LLMs) need deployment on expensive server-grade GPUs with large-storage HBMs and abundant computation capability. As LLM-assisted services become popular, achieving cost-effective LLM inference on…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Lian Liu , Shixin Zhao , Bing Li , Haimeng Ren , Zhaohui Xu , Mengdi Wang , Xiaowei Li , Yinhe Han , Ying Wang

In recent times, the emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) has resulted in increasingly larger model size, posing challenges for inference on low-resource devices. Prior approaches have explored offloading to facilitate low-memory…

Performance · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Xuanlei Zhao , Bin Jia , Haotian Zhou , Ziming Liu , Shenggan Cheng , Yang You

This paper explores resource allocation in serverless cloud computing platforms and proposes an optimization approach for autoscaling systems. Serverless computing relieves users from resource management tasks, enabling focus on application…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Harold Ship , Evgeny Shindin , Chen Wang , Diana Arroyo , Asser Tantawi

Both the training and use of Large Language Models (LLMs) require large amounts of energy. Their increasing popularity, therefore, raises critical concerns regarding the energy efficiency and sustainability of data centers that host them.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Grant Wilkins , Srinivasan Keshav , Richard Mortier

Large Language Models (LLMs) based on autoregressive, decoder-only Transformers generate text one token at a time, where a token represents a discrete unit of text. As each newly produced token is appended to the partial output sequence,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Dimitrios Kafetzis , Ramin Khalili , Iordanis Koutsopoulos

With the fast growth of parameter size, it becomes increasingly challenging to deploy large generative models as they typically require large GPU memory consumption and massive computation. Unstructured model pruning has been a common…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Haojun Xia , Zhen Zheng , Yuchao Li , Donglin Zhuang , Zhongzhu Zhou , Xiafei Qiu , Yong Li , Wei Lin , Shuaiwen Leon Song