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Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have spurred growing interest in automatic theorem proving using Lean4, where effective tree search methods are crucial for navigating the underlying large proof search spaces. While the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Ran Xin , Chenguang Xi , Jie Yang , Feng Chen , Hang Wu , Xia Xiao , Yifan Sun , Shen Zheng , Kai Shen

The suffix array is an efficient data structure for in-memory pattern search. Suffix arrays can also be used for external-memory pattern search, via two-level structures that use an internal index to identify the correct block of suffix…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-03-27 Simon Gog , Alistair Moffat , J. Shane Culpepper , Andrew Turpin , Anthony Wirth

We consider the following generalization of the binary search problem. A search strategy is required to locate an unknown target node $t$ in a given tree $T$. Upon querying a node $v$ of the tree, the strategy receives as a reply an…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-02-28 Dariusz Dereniowski , Adrian Kosowski , Przemyslaw Uznanski , Mengchuan Zou

Large Language Models (LLMs) often struggle to maintain their original performance when faced with semantically coherent but task-irrelevant contextual information. Although prior studies have explored this issue using fixed-template or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Yanbo Wang , Zixiang Xu , Yue Huang , Chujie Gao , Siyuan Wu , Jiayi Ye , Pin-Yu Chen , Xiuying Chen , Xiangliang Zhang

Inverted indexes are vital in providing fast key-word-based search. For every term in the document collection, a list of identifiers of documents in which the term appears is stored, along with auxiliary information such as term frequency,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-01-30 Harrie Oosterhuis , J. Shane Culpepper , Maarten de Rijke

In this paper, we introduce zip-tries, which are simple, dynamic, memory-efficient data structures for strings. Zip-tries support search and update operations for $k$-length strings in $\mathcal{O}(k+\log n)$ time in the standard RAM model…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-08-21 David Eppstein , Ofek Gila , Michael T. Goodrich , Ryuto Kitagawa

We initiate a study of a query-driven approach to designing partition trees for range-searching problems. Our model assumes that a data structure is to be built for an unknown query distribution that we can access through a sampling oracle,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Dimitris Fotakis , Andreas Kalavas , Ioannis Psarros

This paper considers the task of performing binary search under noisy decisions, focusing on the application of target area localization. In the presence of noise, the classical partitioning approach of binary search is prone to error…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Kaan Buyukkalayci , Merve Karakas , Xinlin Li , Christina Fragouli

A decision tree is an easy-to-understand tool that has been widely used for classification tasks. On the one hand, due to privacy concerns, there has been an urgent need to create privacy-preserving classifiers that conceal the user's input…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Andrew Quijano , Spyros T. Halkidis , Kevin Gallagher , Kemal Akkaya , Nikolaos Samaras

As other fundamental programming abstractions in energy-efficient computing, search trees are expected to support both high parallelism and data locality. However, existing highly-concurrent search trees such as red-black trees and AVL…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2013-12-11 Ibrahim Umar , Otto Anshus , Phuong Ha

We give an algorithm to enumerate the results on trees of monadic second-order (MSO) queries represented by nondeterministic tree automata. After linear time preprocessing (in the input tree), we can enumerate answers with linear delay (in…

Databases · Computer Science 2019-08-28 Antoine Amarilli , Pierre Bourhis , Stefan Mengel , Matthias Niewerth

In this paper, we present a probabilistic self-balancing dictionary data structure for massive data sets, and prove expected amortized I/O-optimal bounds on the dictionary operations. We show how to use the structure as an I/O-optimal…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Saju Jude Dominic , G. Sajith

We study a generalized binary search problem on the line and general trees. On the line (e.g., a sorted array), binary search finds a target node in $O(\log n)$ queries in the worst case, where $n$ is the number of nodes. In situations with…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Agustín Caracci , Christoph Dürr , José Verschae

Tree-based data structures are ubiquitous across applications. Therefore, a multitude of different tree implementations exist. However, while these implementations are diverse, they share a tree structure as the underlying data structure.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Daniel Biebert , Christian Hakert , Jian-Jia Chen

Binary search trees (BST) are a popular type of data structure when dealing with ordered data. Indeed, they enable one to access and modify data efficiently, with their height corresponding to the worst retrieval time. From a probabilistic…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-01-28 Benoît Corsini , Victor Dubach , Valentin Féray

Previous research addressed the potential problems of the hard-disk oriented design of DBMSs of flashSSDs. In this paper, we focus on exploiting potential benefits of flashSSDs. First, we examine the internal parallelism issues of flashSSDs…

Databases · Computer Science 2012-01-04 Hongchan Roh , Sanghyun Park , Sungho Kim , Mincheol Shin , Sang-Won Lee

Embedded devices collect and process significant amounts of data in a variety of applications including environmental monitoring, industrial automation and control, and other Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Storing data efficiently…

Databases · Computer Science 2023-02-16 Nadir Ould-Khessal , Scott Fazackerley , Ramon Lawrence

We introduce a search problem generalizing the typical setting of Binary Search on the line. Similar to the setting for Binary Search, a target is chosen adversarially on the line, and in response to a query, the algorithm learns whether…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Calvin Leng , David Kempe

We present a general transformation for combining a constant number of binary search tree data structures (BSTs) into a single BST whose running time is within a constant factor of the minimum of any "well-behaved" bound on the running time…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-04-30 Erik D. Demaine , John Iacono , Stefan Langerman , Özgür Özkan

Modern highly-concurrent search data structures, such as search trees, obtain multi-core scalability and performance by having operations traverse the data structure without any synchronization. As a result, however, these algorithms are…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Yotam M. Y. Feldman , Artem Khyzha , Constantin Enea , Adam Morrison , Aleksandar Nanevski , Noam Rinetzky , Sharon Shoham