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Decoding Bivariate Bicycle (BB) quantum error correction codes typically requires Belief Propagation (BP) followed by Ordered Statistics Decoding (OSD) post-processing when BP fails to converge. Whether BP will converge on a given syndrome…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-10 Anton Pakhunov

Quantum low-density parity-check (QLDPC) codes are a leading approach to quantum error correction, yet conventional belief propagation (BP) decoders often perform poorly, primarily due to non-convergence exacerbated by stabilizer…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Mohsen Moradi , Salman Habib , Vahid Nourozi , David G. M. Mitchell

Quantum errors are primarily detected and corrected using the measurement of syndrome information which itself is an unreliable step in practical error correction implementations. Typically, such faulty or noisy syndrome measurements are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-06 Nithin Raveendran , Narayanan Rengaswamy , Asit Kumar Pradhan , Bane Vasić

Hardware-friendly quantum low-density parity-check (QLDPC) decoders are commonly built upon belief propagation (BP) processing. Yet, quantum degeneracy often prevents BP from achieving reliable convergence. To overcome this fundamental…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-18 Lorenzo Valentini , Diego Forlivesi , Andrea Talarico , Marco Chiani

Error correction allows a quantum computer to preserve states long beyond the decoherence time of its physical qubits. Key to any scheme of error correction is the decoding algorithm, which estimates the error state of qubits from the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-06 Stasiu Wolanski , Ben Barber

Decoding quantum error-correcting codes is a key challenge in enabling fault-tolerant quantum computation. In the classical setting, linear programming (LP) decoders offer provable performance guarantees and can leverage fast practical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-08 Shouzhen Gu , Mehdi Soleimanifar

Quantum low-density parity-check (QLDPC) codes are promising candidates for error correction in quantum computers. One of the major challenges in implementing QLDPC codes in quantum computers is the lack of a universal decoder. In this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-18 Sisi Miao , Alexander Schnerring , Haizheng Li , Laurent Schmalen

This paper investigates decoder diversity architectures for short low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, based on recurrent neural network (RNN) models of the belief-propagation (BP) algorithm. We propose a new approach to achieve decoder…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Joachim Rosseel , Valérian Mannoni , Inbar Fijalkow , Valentin Savin

In this paper, we propose an efficient decoding algorithm for short low-density parity check (LDPC) codes by carefully combining the belief propagation (BP) decoding and order statistic decoding (OSD) algorithms. Specifically, a modified BP…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Weiyang Zhang , Chentao Yue , Yonghui Li , Branka Vucetic

To reduce the implementation complexity of a belief propagation (BP) based low-density parity-check (LDPC) decoder, shuffled BP decoding schedules, which serialize the decoding process by dividing a complete parallel message-passing…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2012-02-07 Yen-Cheng Hsu , Tofar C. -Y. Chang , Yu T. Su , Jian-Jia Weng

Quantum information needs to be protected by quantum error-correcting codes due to imperfect physical devices and operations. One would like to have an efficient and high-performance decoding procedure for the class of quantum stabilizer…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-18 Kao-Yueh Kuo , Ching-Yi Lai

This paper proposes a quasi-belief propagation decoder for BCH codes that systematically integrates domain knowledge--specifically, channel noise variance, the cyclic property of the codes, and the deliberate redundancy in their…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Guangwen Li

Belief propagation (BP) is well-known as a low complexity decoding algorithm with a strong performance for important classes of quantum error correcting codes, e.g. notably for the quantum low-density parity check (LDPC) code class of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-07 Josias Old , Manuel Rispler

We consider practical hardware implementation of Polar decoders. To reduce latency due to the serial nature of successive cancellation (SC), existing optimizations improve parallelism with two approaches, i.e., multi-bit decision or reduced…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-08-07 Huazi Zhang , Jiajie Tong , Rong Li , Pengcheng Qiu , Yourui Huangfu , Chen Xu , Xianbin Wang , Jun Wang

We study the decoding problem for quantum Tanner codes and propose to exploit the underlying local code structure by grouping check nodes into more powerful generalized check nodes for enhanced iterative belief propagation (BP) decoding by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-06 Olai Å. Mostad , Eirik Rosnes , Hsuan-Yin Lin

We introduce a prototype FPGA decoder implementing the recently discovered Relay-BP algorithm and targeting memory experiments on the $[[144,12,12]]$ bivariate bicycle quantum low-density parity check code. The decoder is both fast and…

Codes based on sparse matrices have good performance and can be efficiently decoded by belief-propagation (BP). Decoding binary stabilizer codes needs a quaternary BP for (additive) codes over GF(4), which has a higher check-node complexity…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-10 Kao-Yueh Kuo , Ching-Yi Lai

We introduce a decoding framework for correlated errors in quantum LDPC codes under circuit-level noise. The core of our approach is a graph augmentation and rewiring for interference (GARI) method, which modifies the correlated detector…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-26 Arshpreet Singh Maan , Francisco-Garcia Herrero , Alexandru Paler , Valentin Savin

The medium-density parity-check (MDPC) code-based Bit Flipping Key Encapsulation (BIKE) mechanism remains a candidate of post-quantum cryptography standardization. The latest version utilizes a new bit-flipping (BF) decoding algorithm,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Jiaxuan Cai , Xinmiao Zhang

Quantum low-density parity-check (QLDPC) codes are among the most promising candidates for future quantum error correction schemes. However, a limited number of short to moderate-length QLDPC codes have been designed and their decoding…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Sisi Miao , Jonathan Mandelbaum , Holger Jäkel , Laurent Schmalen