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E-commerce, a type of trading that occurs at a high frequency on the Internet, requires guaranteeing the integrity, authentication and non-repudiation of messages through long distance. As current e-commerce schemes are vulnerable to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-17 Xiao-Yu Cao , Bing-Hong Li , Yang Wang , Yao Fu , Hua-Lei Yin , Zeng-Bing Chen

In this letter, we address the problem of developing quantum state tomography (QST) methods that remain valid at any time during a sequence of measurements. Specifically, the aim is to provide a rigorous quantification of the uncertainty…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Aldo Cumitini , Luca Barletta , Osvaldo Simeone

We propose a measurement scheme that validates the preparation of an $n$-qubit stabilizer state. The scheme involves a measurement of $n$ Pauli observables, a priori determined from the stabilizer state and which can be realized using…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-17 Amir Kalev , Anastasios Kyrillidis , Norbert M. Linke

Characterizing increasingly complex quantum systems is a central task in quantum information science, yet experimental costs often scale prohibitively with system size. Certifying key properties using simple local measurements is highly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-21 Zhenyu Du , Jinchang Liu , Elias X. Huber , Zi-Wen Liu , Xiongfeng Ma

This note presents a method to authenticate a quantum message based on classical SN-S authentication code and the computations between different quantum registers. If the pre-coding generator matrix in SN-S code is public, the quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Li Yang , Lei Hu , Deng-Guo Feng

Very recently we have witnessed a new development of quantum information, the so-called continuous variable (CV) quantum information theory. Such a further development has been mainly due to the experimental and theoretical advantages…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-06-27 Stefano Pirandola , Stefano Mancini

Efficient verification of the functioning of quantum devices is a key to the development of quantum technologies, but is a daunting task as the system size increases. Here we propose a simple and general framework for verifying unitary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-17 Huangjun Zhu , Haoyu Zhang

Continuous-variable (CV) codes and their application in quantum communication have attracted increasing attention. In particular, one typical CV codes, cat-codes, has already been experimentally created using trapped atoms in cavities with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-08 Pei-Zhe Li , William J. Munro , Kae Nemoto , Nicoló Lo Piparo

We introduce a scheme based on adiabatic passage that allows for long-range quantum communication through tight-binding chain with always-on interaction. By adiabatically varying the external gate voltage applied on the system, the electron…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-07-10 Bing Chen , Wei Fan , Yan Xu , Zhao-yang Chen , Xun-li Feng , C. H. Oh

Publicly verifiable quantum money is a protocol for the preparation of quantum states that can be efficiently verified by any party for authenticity but is computationally infeasible to counterfeit. We develop a cryptographic scheme for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-01 Andrey Boris Khesin , Jonathan Z. Lu , Peter W. Shor

We provide a security analysis for continuous variable quantum key distribution protocols based on the transmission of squeezed vacuum states measured via homodyne detection. We employ a version of the entropic uncertainty relation for…

A quantum money scheme enables a trusted bank to provide untrusted users with verifiable quantum banknotes that cannot be forged. In this work, we report an experimental demonstration of the preparation and verification of unforgeable…

We present a continuous-variable quantum key distribution protocol combining a discrete modulation and reverse reconciliation. This protocol is proven unconditionally secure and allows the distribution of secret keys over long distances,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-03-15 Anthony Leverrier , Philippe Grangier

Quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) is a rapidly developing quantum communication approach, where secure information is directly transmitted, providing an alternative to key-based (de)encryption processes via Quantum Key Distribution…

This paper considers three variants of quantum interactive proof systems in which short (meaning logarithmic-length) messages are exchanged between the prover and verifier. The first variant is one in which the verifier sends a short…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-06-22 Salman Beigi , Peter W. Shor , John Watrous

We introduce a private quantum money scheme with the note verification procedure based on Sampling Matching, a problem in the one-way communication complexity model introduced by Kumar et al.[Nature Communications 10, Article number: 4152].…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-22 Niraj Kumar

In this letter, we detail our randomized approach to safety-critical system verification. Our method requires limited system data to make a strong verification statement. Specifically, our method first randomly samples initial conditions…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-02-24 Prithvi Akella , Aaron D. Ames

Various techniques have been used in recent years for verifying quantum computers, that is, for determining whether a quantum computer/system satisfies a given formal specification of correctness. Barrier certificates are a recent novel…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-02 Marco Lewis , Paolo Zuliani , Sadegh Soudjani

The ability to know and verifiably demonstrate the origins of messages can often be as important as encrypting the message itself. Here we present an experimental demonstration of an unconditionally secure digital signature (USS) protocol…

Recursive techniques have recently been introduced into quantum programming so that a variety of large quantum circuits and algorithms can be elegantly and economically programmed. In this paper, we present a proof system for formal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-08 Mingsheng Ying , Zhicheng Zhang