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Code LLMs often portray inconsistent program behaviors. Developers typically employ benchmarks to assess Code LLMs, but most benchmarks are hand-crafted, static and do not target consistency property. In this work, we pose the scientific…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Chua Jin Chou , Khant That Lwin , Ezekiel Soremekun

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used by software engineers for code generation. However, limitations of LLMs such as irrelevant or incorrect code have highlighted the need for prompt programming (or prompt engineering) where…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Ranim Khojah , Francisco Gomes de Oliveira Neto , Mazen Mohamad , Philipp Leitner

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used in both industry and academia for various tasks, yet evaluating the consistency of generated text responses continues to be a challenge. Traditional metrics like ROUGE and BLEU show a weak…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-26 P Aditya Sreekar , Sahil Verma , Suransh Chopra , Sarik Ghazarian , Abhishek Persad , Narayanan Sadagopan

Large Language Models (LLMs) with chain-of-thought generation have demonstrated great potential for solving complex reasoning and planning tasks. However, the output of current LLMs is not fully reliable and needs careful verification. Even…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Maria-Florina Balcan , Avrim Blum , Kiriaki Fragkia , Zhiyuan Li , Dravyansh Sharma

Graph model generation from natural language description is an important task with many applications in software engineering. With the rise of large language models (LLMs), there is a growing interest in using LLMs for graph model…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Boqi Chen , Ou Wei , Bingzhou Zheng , Gunter Mussbacher

Large Language Models (LLMs) are used for many tasks, including those related to coding. An important aspect of being able to utilize LLMs is the ability to assess their fitness for specific usages. The common practice is to evaluate LLMs…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Marcel Zalmanovici , Orna Raz , Eitan Farchi , Iftach Freund

Large language models (LLMs) are notorious for hallucinating, i.e., producing erroneous claims in their output. Such hallucinations can be dangerous, as occasional factual inaccuracies in the generated text might be obscured by the rest of…

Large language models (LLMs) have recently shown strong performance on mathematical benchmarks. At the same time, they are prone to hallucination and sycophancy, often providing convincing but flawed proofs for incorrect mathematical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Ivo Petrov , Jasper Dekoninck , Martin Vechev

Large language models (LLMs) produce outputs with varying levels of uncertainty, and, just as often, varying levels of correctness; making their practical reliability far from guaranteed. To quantify this uncertainty, we systematically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Christian Hobelsberger , Theresa Winner , Andreas Nawroth , Oliver Mitevski , Anna-Carolina Haensch

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for program verification, and yet little is known about \emph{how} they reason about program semantics during this process. In this work, we focus on abstract interpretation based-reasoning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Jacqueline L. Mitchell , Brian Hyeongseok Kim , Chenyu Zhou , Chao Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized code generation, automating programming with remarkable efficiency. However, these advancements challenge programming skills, ethics, and assessment integrity, making the detection of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Daniil Orel , Dilshod Azizov , Preslav Nakov

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance on function-level code generation benchmarks, yet real-world software development increasingly demands class-level implementations that integrate multiple methods,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Musfiqur Rahman , SayedHassan Khatoonabadi , Emad Shihab

Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have witnessed remarkable performance as zero-shot task planners for robotic manipulation tasks. However, the open-loop nature of previous works makes LLM-based planning error-prone and fragile. On the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Zhi Zheng , Qian Feng , Hang Li , Alois Knoll , Jianxiang Feng

Automated test generation is essential for software quality assurance, with coverage rate serving as a key metric to ensure thorough testing. Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise in improving test…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-26 WeiZhe Xu , Mengyu Liu , Fanxin Kong

Large language models (LLMs) can generate programs that pass unit tests, but passing tests does not guarantee reliable runtime behavior. We find that different correct solutions to the same task can show very different memory and…

Hallucination has been a popular topic in natural language generation (NLG). In real-world applications, unfaithful content can result in poor data quality or loss of trust from end users. Thus, it is crucial to fact-check before adopting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Xiaonan Jing , Srinivas Billa , Danny Godbout

If two experts disagree on a test, we may conclude both cannot be 100 per cent correct. But if they completely agree, no possible evaluation can be excluded. This asymmetry in the utility of agreements versus disagreements is explored here…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Andrés Corrada-Emmanuel

Code complexity metrics such as cyclomatic complexity have long been used to assess software quality and maintainability. With the rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) on coding tasks, an important yet underexplored question…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Chen Xie , Xiaodong Gu , Yuling Shi , Beijun Shen

Large language models have shown impressive capabilities in code generation, yet they often produce functionally incorrect code. Uncertainty quantification (UQ) methods have emerged as a promising approach for detecting hallucinations in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Dylan Bouchard , Mohit Singh Chauhan , Zeya Ahmad , Ho-Kyeong Ra

Large language models (LLMs) are now largely involved in software development workflows, and the code they generate routinely includes third-party library (TPL) imports annotated with specific version identifiers. These version choices can…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Chengjie Wang , Jingzheng Wu , Xiang Ling , Tianyue Luo , Chen Zhao