Related papers: Nucleon mass: trace anomaly and $\sigma$-terms
{}From the deep-inelastic momentum sum rule and the trace anomaly of the energy-momentum tensor, I derive a separation of the nucleon mass into the contributions of the quark and gluon kinetic and potential energies, the quark masses, and…
It is often claimed that 98% of the nucleon mass is generated by quantum chromodynamics. The decomposition of the nucleon mass based on the trace of the energy-momentum tensor suggests that gluons play by far a dominant role. About 25 years…
Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) claims that the major source of the nucleon invariant mass is not the Higgs mechanism but the trace anomaly in QCD energy momentum tensor. Although experimental and theoretical results support such conclusion, a…
In this work, under the framework of vector meson dominance model, the trace anomaly contribution value inside neutrons are extracted for the first time based on vector meson photoproduction data. Furthermore, we systematically compare and…
Atomic nuclei lie at the core of everything visible; and at the first level of approximation, their atomic weights are simply the sum of the masses of all the neutrons and protons (nucleons) they contain. Each nucleon has a mass $m_N…
Two different approaches to mass and structure of the nucleon are discussed in recent works, ${\it viz.}$ (case 1) the QCD lagrangian evaluated via lattice calculations and (case ii) spontaneous symmetry breaking mediated by the $\sigma$…
Atomic nuclei are the core of everything we can see. At the first level of approximation, their atomic weights are simply the sum of the masses of all the nucleons they contain. Each nucleon has a mass $m_N \approx 1\,$GeV, i.e.…
The Higgs boson, recently discovered with a mass of 125.09$\pm$0.24 GeV is known to mediate the masses of elementary particles, but only 2% of the mass of the nucleon. Extending a previous investigation [1] and including the strange-quark…
Apart from the quark and gluon kinetic and potential energies, the nucleon mass includes a novel energy of pure quantum origin resulting from anomalous breaking of scale symmetry. We demonstrate the effects of this quantum anomalous energy…
In the quantum chromodynamics, the mass source of the proton is decomposed into four parts by the energy momentum tensor : quark energy term, gluon energy term, quark mass term and trace anomaly term. And the trace anomaly term is the most…
Newtonian mechanics posited mass as a primary quality of matter, incapable of further elucidation. We now see Newtonian mass as an emergent property. Most of the mass of standard matter, by far, arises dynamically, from back-reaction of the…
We review and examine in detail recent developments regarding the question of the nucleon mass decomposition. We discuss in particular the virial theorem in quantum field theory and its implications for the nucleon mass decomposition and…
We investigate the implications of neutron star observations for understanding the origin of nucleon mass using a framework that combines three complementary approaches: the equation of state based on parity doublet structure for hadronic…
The purpose of this paper is to present a unified description of mass generation mechanisms that have been investigated so far and that are called the Mach and Higgs proposals. In our mechanism, gravity acts merely as a catalyst and the…
We consider the possibility that Dirac neutrino masses may be a manifestation of chiral symmetry breaking via non-perturbative QCD dynamics. The key role played by light quarks in this mechanism can naturally lead to signals that are…
The Higgs particle is a new elementary particle predicted in the Standard Model of the elementary particle physics. It plays a special role in the theory of mass generation of quarks, leptons, and gauge bosons. In this article, theoretical…
The Higgs boson is responsible for roughly 1% of the visible mass in the Universe. Obviously, therefore, Nature has another, very effective way of generating mass. In working toward identifying the mechanism, contemporary strong interaction…
With discovery of the Higgs boson, science has located the source for $\lesssim 2$% of the mass of visible matter. The focus of attention can now shift to the search for the origin of the remaining $\gtrsim 98$%. The instruments at work…
The pion-nucleon sigma term is a quantity involved in many important aspects of particle and nuclear physics. In this review I show its origin and how it is connected to important questions as the origin of mass of the ordinary matter,…
The oldest enigma in fundamental particle physics is: Where do the observed masses of elementary particles come from? Inspired by observation of the empirical particle mass spectrum we propose that the masses of elementary particles arise…