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Estimating many local expectation values over time is a central measurement bottleneck in quantum simulation and device characterization. We study the task of reconstructing the Pauli-signal matrix $S_{ij}=\text{Tr}(O_i \rho(t_j))$ for a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-16 Joseph Barreto , Daniel Lidar

We propose and investigate a new method of quantum process tomography (QPT) which we call projected least squares (PLS). In short, PLS consists of first computing the least-squares estimator of the Choi matrix of an unknown channel, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-02 Trystan Surawy-Stepney , Jonas Kahn , Richard Kueng , Madalin Guta

We propose and evaluate experimentally an approach to quantum process tomography that completely removes the scaling problem plaguing the standard approach. The key to this simplification is the incorporation of prior knowledge of the class…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-14 M. P. A. Branderhorst , J. Nunn , I. A. Walmsley , R. L. Kosut

The impressive pace of advance of quantum technology calls for robust and scalable techniques for the characterization and validation of quantum hardware. Quantum process tomography, the reconstruction of an unknown quantum channel from…

Quantum process tomography is a useful tool for characterizing quantum processes. This task is essential for the development of different areas, such as quantum information processing. In this work, we present a protocol for selective…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-22 Virginia Feldman , Ariel Bendersky

The article undertakes the problem of pure state estimation from projective measurements based on photon counting. Two generic frames for qubit tomography are considered -- one composed of the elements of the SIC-POVM and the other defined…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-02 Artur Czerwinski

Quantum state tomography (QST) is a fundamental task in quantum information science that aims to reconstruct unknown quantum states from measurement data. However, the exponential growth of Hilbert-space dimension with system size makes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-27 Zhen Qin , Michael B. Wakin , Zhihui Zhu

In quantum information theory, the accurate estimation of observables is pivotal for quantum information processing, playing a crucial role in compute and communication protocols. This work introduces a novel technique for estimating such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-17 Andrea Caprotti , Joshua Morris , Borivoje Dakić

We introduce the concept of selective quantum state tomography or SQST, a tomographic scheme that enables a user to estimate arbitrary elements of an unknown quantum state using a fixed measurement record. We demonstrate how this may be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-12 Joshua Morris , Borivoje Dakić

An arbitrary quantum-optical process (channel) can be completely characterized by probing it with coherent states using the recently developed coherent-state quantum process tomography (QPT) [Lobino et al., Science 322, 563 (2008)]. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-08-09 Xiang-Bin Wang , Zong-Wen Yu , Jia-Zhong Hu , Adam Miranowicz , Franco Nori

Quantum state tomography (QST) is the gold standard technique for obtaining an estimate for the state of small quantum systems in the laboratory. Its application to systems with more than a few constituents (e.g. particles) soon becomes…

Quantum state tomography (QST), the process through which the density matrix of a quantum system is characterized from measurements of specific observables, is a fundamental pillar in the fields of quantum information and computation. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-30 J. L. Montenegro Ferreira , B. de Lima Bernardo

Quantum state tomography is a technique in quantum information science used to reconstruct the density matrix of an unknown quantum state, providing complete information about the quantum state. It is of significant importance in fields…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-23 Wenlong Zhao , Da Zhang , Huili Zhang , Haifeng Yu , Zhang-qi Yin

Precise reconstruction of unknown quantum states from measurement data, a process commonly called quantum state tomography, is a crucial component in the development of quantum information processing technologies. Many different tomography…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-28 Ingrid Strandberg

Quantum state tomography (QST) aims at reconstructing the state of a quantum system. However in conventional QST the number of measurements scales exponentially with the number of qubits. Here we propose a QST protocol, in which the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-23 Daniele Binosi , Giovanni Garberoglio , Diego Maragnano , Maurizio Dapor , Marco Liscidini

Quantum Signal Processing (QSP) and Quantum Singular Value Transformation (QSVT) currently stand as the most efficient techniques for implementing functions of block encoded matrices, a central task that lies at the heart of most prominent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-22 Danial Motlagh , Nathan Wiebe

Quantum tomography is an essential method of the photonic technology toolbox and is routinely used for evaluation of experimentally prepared states of light and characterization of devices transforming such states. The tomography procedure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-12-18 Radim Hošák , Robert Stárek , Miroslav Ježek

Quantum State Tomography (QST) is a fundamental technique in Quantum Information Processing (QIP) for reconstructing unknown quantum states. However, the conventional QST methods are limited by the number of measurements required, which…

We present adaptive measurement techniques tailored for variational quantum algorithms on near-term small and noisy devices. In particular, we generalise earlier "learning to measure" strategies in two ways. First, by considering a class of…

The characterization of a unitary gate is experimentally accomplished via Quantum Process Tomography, which combines the outcomes of different projective measurements to reconstruct the underlying operator. The process matrix is typically…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-17 Tareq Jaouni , Francesco Di Colandrea , Lorenzo Amato , Filippo Cardano , Ebrahim Karimi