Related papers: Nonstandard Universes
I briefly review the conceptual developments that led to the Standard Model and discuss some of its remarkable qualitative features. On the way, I draw attention to several puzzling aspects that are beyond the reach of our present…
This note collects together useful unit conversions and numerical values from early universe cosmology. It is a quick reference that can be used to make easy order-of-magnitude estimates. Included are tables for unit conversions, the…
I discuss some central issues in particle physics which are potentially relevant to cosmology. I first briefly review the present (glorious) experimental status of the Standard Model, emphasizing that it provides a firm foundation both for…
The Friedman universe is re-examined in a context that is non-standard only in that the properties of matter are postulated in the form of an action principle. Applications to equilibrium configurations of ideal stars have already been…
This was supposed to be an appendix to the book "Non-structure", and probably will be if it materializes. It presents relevant material, sometimes new, which was used in works which were supposed to be part of that book. In section 1 we…
A new approach to special relativity is presented which introduces coordinate systems with imaginary time axes, observation systems, and coordinate bases.
To what extent can our limited set of observations be used to pin down the specifics of a ``Theory of Everything''? In the limit where the links are arbitrarily tenuous, a ``Theory of Everything'' might become a ``Theory of Anything''. A…
The fundamental laws and constants of our universe seem to be finely tuned for life. The various multiverse hypotheses are popular explanations for the fine tuning. This paper reviews the four main suggestions on inference in the presence…
This article is based on papers discussing different aspects of extra dimensional environments. In addition to the results, we review some of the concepts on which models with large extra dimensions are based.
Logical relations (LR) have been around for many years, and today they are used in many formal results. However, it can be difficult to LR beginners to find a good place to start to learn. Papers often use highly specialized LRs that use…
The present observational status of neutrino physics is sketched, with emphasis on the hints that follow from solar and atmospheric neutrino observations, as well as dark matter. I also briefly review the ways to account for the observed…
Evidence for fine-tuning of physical parameters suitable for life can perhaps be explained by almost any combination of providence, coincidence or multiverse. A multiverse usually includes parts unobservable to us, but if the theory for it…
The standard model of particle physics represents the cornerstone of our understanding of the microscopic world. In these lectures we review its contents and structure, with a particular emphasis on the central role played by symmetries and…
This report is an improvement of a prior report (Report 814). It sharpens the principal theorem (Theorem 5.1 of Report 814) and also simplifies its proof. There are also several minor changes involving clarifications and corrections of…
This paper studies axioms for nonmonotonic consequences from a semantics-based point of view, focusing on a class of mathematical structures for reasoning about partial information without a predefined syntax/logic. This structure is called…
We define a notion which contains numerous basic notions of Analysis as special cases, for example limit, continuity, differential, Riemann and Lebesgue integral, root and exponential functions. Properties like additivity or linearity of…
The first-order model theory of modules has been studied for decades. More recently, the model theoretic study of nonelementary classes of modules--especially Abstract Elementary Classes of modules--has produced interesting results. This…
Particle physics has evolved a coherent model that characterizes forces and particles at the most elementary level. This Standard Model, built from many theoretical and experimental studies, is in excellent accord with almost all current…
A quantitative model of concurrent interaction is introduced. The basic objects are linear combinations of partial order relations, acted upon by a group of permutations that represents potential non-determinism in synchronisation. This…
The essay argues that the standard cosmological model is one sided and incomplete. Its recognition of the primacy of radiant energy has no rational justification and empirical verification and, therefore, is arbitrary and subjective. The…