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We introduce the task of open-vocabulary 3D instance segmentation. Current approaches for 3D instance segmentation can typically only recognize object categories from a pre-defined closed set of classes that are annotated in the training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Ayça Takmaz , Elisabetta Fedele , Robert W. Sumner , Marc Pollefeys , Federico Tombari , Francis Engelmann

Open-vocabulary semantic segmentation (OVSS) extends traditional closed-set segmentation by enabling pixel-wise annotation for both seen and unseen categories using arbitrary textual descriptions. While existing methods leverage…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Junyang Chen , Xiangbo Lv , Zhiqiang Kou , Xingdong Sheng , Ning Xu , Yiguo Qiao

Current open-vocabulary scene graph generation algorithms highly rely on both 3D scene point cloud data and posed RGB-D images and thus have limited applications in scenarios where RGB-D images or camera poses are not readily available. To…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Yifan Xu , Ziming Luo , Qianwei Wang , Vineet Kamat , Carol Menassa

3D referring segmentation is an emerging and challenging vision-language task that aims to segment the object described by a natural language expression in a point cloud scene. The key challenge behind this task is vision-language feature…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Shuting He , Henghui Ding

Despite significant progress in 3D point cloud segmentation, existing methods primarily address specific tasks and depend on explicit instructions to identify targets, lacking the capability to infer and understand implicit user intentions…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Shuting He , Henghui Ding , Xudong Jiang , Bihan Wen

Unlike closed-vocabulary 3D instance segmentation that is often trained end-to-end, open-vocabulary 3D instance segmentation (OV-3DIS) often leverages vision-language models (VLMs) to generate 3D instance proposals and classify them. While…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Sanghun Jung , Jingjing Zheng , Ke Zhang , Nan Qiao , Albert Y. C. Chen , Lu Xia , Chi Liu , Yuyin Sun , Xiao Zeng , Hsiang-Wei Huang , Byron Boots , Min Sun , Cheng-Hao Kuo

3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) has emerged as a powerful representation for neural scene reconstruction, offering high-quality novel view synthesis while maintaining computational efficiency. In this paper, we extend the capabilities of 3DGS…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Jens Piekenbrinck , Christian Schmidt , Alexander Hermans , Narunas Vaskevicius , Timm Linder , Bastian Leibe

Recent works on open-vocabulary 3D instance segmentation show strong promise, but at the cost of slow inference speed and high computation requirements. This high computation cost is typically due to their heavy reliance on 3D clip…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Mohamed El Amine Boudjoghra , Angela Dai , Jean Lahoud , Hisham Cholakkal , Rao Muhammad Anwer , Salman Khan , Fahad Shahbaz Khan

In this paper, we propose a training scheme called OVSeg3R to learn open-vocabulary 3D instance segmentation from well-studied 2D perception models with the aid of 3D reconstruction. OVSeg3R directly adopts reconstructed scenes from 2D…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Hongyang Li , Jinyuan Qu , Lei Zhang

3D semantic segmentation provides high-level scene understanding for applications in robotics, autonomous systems, \textit{etc}. Traditional methods adapt exclusively to either task-specific goals (open-vocabulary segmentation) or scene…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Doriand Petit , Steve Bourgeois , Vincent Gay-Bellile , Florian Chabot , Loïc Barthe

In this paper, we investigate the use of diffusion models which are pre-trained on large-scale image-caption pairs for open-vocabulary 3D semantic understanding. We propose a novel method, namely Diff2Scene, which leverages frozen…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Xiaoyu Zhu , Hao Zhou , Pengfei Xing , Long Zhao , Hao Xu , Junwei Liang , Alexander Hauptmann , Ting Liu , Andrew Gallagher

As the most fundamental scene understanding tasks, object detection and segmentation have made tremendous progress in deep learning era. Due to the expensive manual labeling cost, the annotated categories in existing datasets are often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Chaoyang Zhu , Long Chen

Open-vocabulary 3D scene understanding is crucial for applications requiring natural language-driven spatial interpretation, such as robotics and augmented reality. While 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) offers a powerful representation for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Wei Sun , Yanzhao Zhou , Jianbin Jiao , Yuan Li

Recently, Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have advanced segmentation techniques by shifting from the traditional segmentation of a closed-set of predefined object classes to open-vocabulary segmentation (OVS), allowing users to segment novel…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Gonca Yilmaz , Songyou Peng , Marc Pollefeys , Francis Engelmann , Hermann Blum

The lack of a large-scale 3D-text corpus has led recent works to distill open-vocabulary knowledge from vision-language models (VLMs). However, these methods typically rely on a single VLM to align the feature spaces of 3D models within a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Jinlong Li , Cristiano Saltori , Fabio Poiesi , Nicu Sebe

Reliable 3D segmentation is critical for understanding complex scenes with dense layouts and multi-scale objects, as commonly seen in industrial environments. In such scenarios, heavy occlusion weakens geometric boundaries between objects,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Yu Zhu , Naoya Chiba , Koichi Hashimoto

Recent advancements in vision-language foundation models have significantly enhanced open-vocabulary 3D scene understanding. However, the generalizability of existing methods is constrained due to their framework designs and their reliance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Yunsong Wang , Hanlin Chen , Gim Hee Lee

The recent years have witnessed the remarkable development for open-vocabulary semantic segmentation (OVSS) using visual-language foundation models, yet still suffer from following fundamental challenges: (1) insufficient cross-modal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Jing Wang , Huimin Shi , Quan Zhou , Qibo Liu , Suofei Zhang , Huimin Lu

Open-Vocabulary Semantic Segmentation (OVSS) assigns pixel-level labels from an open set of text-defined categories, demanding reliable generalization to unseen classes at inference. Although modern vision-language models (VLMs) support…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Saikat Dutta , Biplab Banerjee , Hamid Rezatofighi

Open-vocabulary panoptic reconstruction is crucial for advanced robotics and simulation. However, existing 3D reconstruction methods, such as NeRF or Gaussian Splatting variants, often struggle to achieve the real-time inference frequency…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Xuan Yu , Yuxuan Xie , Shichao Zhai , Shuhao Ye , Rong Xiong , Yue Wang