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State-of-the-art model for zero-shot cross-lingual spoken language understanding performs cross-lingual unsupervised contrastive learning to achieve the label-agnostic semantic alignment between each utterance and its code-switched data.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-13 Bowen Xing , Ivor W. Tsang

Recently, large-scale Vision and Language (V\&L) pretraining has become the standard backbone of many multimedia systems. While it has shown remarkable performance even in unseen situations, it often performs in ways not intuitive to…

Contrastive learning (CL) is a popular technique for self-supervised learning (SSL) of visual representations. It uses pairs of augmentations of unlabeled training examples to define a classification task for pretext learning of a deep…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Chih-Hui Ho , Nuno Vasconcelos

We propose EnCLAP, a novel framework for automated audio captioning. EnCLAP employs two acoustic representation models, EnCodec and CLAP, along with a pretrained language model, BART. We also introduce a new training objective called masked…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-01 Jaeyeon Kim , Jaeyoon Jung , Jinjoo Lee , Sang Hoon Woo

Word alignment is an important natural language processing task that indicates the correspondence between natural languages. Recently, unsupervised learning of log-linear models for word alignment has received considerable attention as it…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2014-10-13 Yang Liu , Maosong Sun

The explosion of high-performing conversational language models (LMs) has spurred a shift from classic natural language processing (NLP) benchmarks to expensive, time-consuming and noisy human evaluations - yet the relationship between…

The goal of contrastive learning based pre-training is to leverage large quantities of unlabeled data to produce a model that can be readily adapted downstream. Current approaches revolve around solving an image discrimination task: given…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Chenhongyi Yang , Lichao Huang , Elliot J. Crowley

Capturing emotions within a conversation plays an essential role in modern dialogue systems. However, the weak correlation between emotions and semantics brings many challenges to emotion recognition in conversation (ERC). Even semantically…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Xiaohui Song , Longtao Huang , Hui Xue , Songlin Hu

Existing vision-text contrastive learning like CLIP aims to match the paired image and caption embeddings while pushing others apart, which improves representation transferability and supports zero-shot prediction. However, medical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Zifeng Wang , Zhenbang Wu , Dinesh Agarwal , Jimeng Sun

In text-to-audio (TTA) research, the relevance between input text and output audio is an important evaluation aspect. Traditionally, it has been evaluated from both subjective and objective perspectives. However, subjective evaluation is…

Text-based Person Search (TBPS) aims to retrieve the person images using natural language descriptions. Recently, Contrastive Language Image Pretraining (CLIP), a universal large cross-modal vision-language pre-training model, has…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-22 Min Cao , Yang Bai , Ziyin Zeng , Mang Ye , Min Zhang

Recent years have witnessed a significant increase in the performance of Vision and Language tasks. Foundational Vision-Language Models (VLMs), such as CLIP, have been leveraged in multiple settings and demonstrated remarkable performance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-04 Santiago Castro , Amir Ziai , Avneesh Saluja , Zhuoning Yuan , Rada Mihalcea

We present a multimodal framework to learn general audio representations from videos. Existing contrastive audio representation learning methods mainly focus on using the audio modality alone during training. In this work, we show that…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-04-29 Luyu Wang , Pauline Luc , Adria Recasens , Jean-Baptiste Alayrac , Aaron van den Oord

Contrastive learning is a well-established paradigm in representation learning. The standard framework of contrastive learning minimizes the distance between "similar" instances and maximizes the distance between dissimilar ones in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Naghmeh Ghanooni , Barbod Pajoum , Harshit Rawal , Sophie Fellenz , Vo Nguyen Le Duy , Marius Kloft

Label projection, which involves obtaining translated labels and texts jointly, is essential for leveraging machine translation to facilitate cross-lingual transfer in structured prediction tasks. Prior research exploring label projection…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Tanmay Parekh , I-Hung Hsu , Kuan-Hao Huang , Kai-Wei Chang , Nanyun Peng

Speech emotion recognition is a challenge and an important step towards more natural human-computer interaction (HCI). The popular approach is multimodal emotion recognition based on model-level fusion, which means that the multimodal…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Fan Qian , Jiqing Han

CLIP (Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining) has become a popular choice for various downstream tasks. However, recent studies have questioned its ability to represent compositional concepts effectively. These works suggest that CLIP often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Darina Koishigarina , Arnas Uselis , Seong Joon Oh

Lyrics alignment gained considerable attention in recent years. State-of-the-art systems either re-use established speech recognition toolkits, or design end-to-end solutions involving a Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC) loss.…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Simon Durand , Daniel Stoller , Sebastian Ewert

Despite exciting progress in causal language models, the expressiveness of the representations is largely limited due to poor discrimination ability. To remedy this issue, we present ContraCLM, a novel contrastive learning framework at both…

Language models (LMs) are pretrained to imitate internet text, including content that would violate human preferences if generated by an LM: falsehoods, offensive comments, personally identifiable information, low-quality or buggy code, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Tomasz Korbak , Kejian Shi , Angelica Chen , Rasika Bhalerao , Christopher L. Buckley , Jason Phang , Samuel R. Bowman , Ethan Perez