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Adaptation is the cornerstone of effective collaboration among heterogeneous team members. In human-agent teams, artificial agents need to adapt to their human partners in real time, as individuals often have unique preferences and policies…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Benjamin Li , Shuyang Shi , Lucia Romero , Huao Li , Yaqi Xie , Woojun Kim , Stefanos Nikolaidis , Michael Lewis , Katia Sycara , Simon Stepputtis

While we would like agents that can coordinate with humans, current algorithms such as self-play and population-based training create agents that can coordinate with themselves. Agents that assume their partner to be optimal or similar to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-10 Micah Carroll , Rohin Shah , Mark K. Ho , Thomas L. Griffiths , Sanjit A. Seshia , Pieter Abbeel , Anca Dragan

In-Context Reinforcement Learning (ICRL) has enabled foundation agents to adapt instantaneously to novel tasks, yet its efficacy in Ad-Hoc Teamwork (AHT)-where coordination with unknown partners is required-remains unexplored. To rigorously…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yuheng Jing , Kai Li , Ziwen Zhang , Jiajun Zhang , Zeyao Ma , Jiaxi Yang , Lei Zhang , Zhe Wu , Jinmin He , Junliang Xing , Jian Cheng

While advances in multi-agent learning have enabled the training of increasingly complex agents, most existing techniques produce a final policy that is not designed to adapt to a new partner's strategy. However, we would like our AI agents…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-06 Andy Shih , Stefano Ermon , Dorsa Sadigh

Large language models (LLMs) possess extensive knowledge bases and strong reasoning capabilities, making them promising tools for complex, multi-agent planning in embodied environments. However, despite LLMs' advanced abilities and the…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Xinran Li , Chenjia Bai , Zijian Li , Jiakun Zheng , Ting Xiao , Jun Zhang

Building agents with adaptive behavior in cooperative tasks stands as a paramount goal in the realm of multi-agent systems. Current approaches to developing cooperative agents rely primarily on learning-based methods, whose policy…

In collaborative tasks, being able to adapt to your teammates is a necessary requirement for success. When teammates are heterogeneous, such as in human-agent teams, agents need to be able to observe, recognize, and adapt to their human…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Benjamin Li , Shuyang Shi , Lucia Romero , Huao Li , Yaqi Xie , Woojun Kim , Stefanos Nikolaidis , Michael Lewis , Katia Sycara , Simon Stepputtis

Securing coordination between AI agent and teammates (human players or AI agents) in contexts involving unfamiliar humans continues to pose a significant challenge in Zero-Shot Coordination. The issue of cooperative incompatibility becomes…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Yang Li , Shao Zhang , Jichen Sun , Wenhao Zhang , Yali Du , Ying Wen , Xinbing Wang , Wei Pan

Zero-shot human-AI coordination holds the promise of collaborating with humans without human data. Prevailing methods try to train the ego agent with a population of partners via self-play. However, these methods suffer from two problems:…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Xingzhou Lou , Jiaxian Guo , Junge Zhang , Jun Wang , Kaiqi Huang , Yali Du

Human and robot partners increasingly need to work together to perform tasks as a team. Robots designed for such collaboration must reason about how their task-completion strategies interplay with the behavior and skills of their human team…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Michelle Zhao , Reid Simmons , Henny Admoni

The advancement of large language models (LLMs) has enabled the construction of multi-agent systems to solve complex tasks by dividing responsibilities among specialized agents, such as a planning agent for subgoal generation and a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Minghang Zhu , Zhengliang Shi , Zhiwei Xu , Shiguang Wu , Lingjie Wang , Pengjie Ren , Zhaochun Ren , Zhumin Chen

Achieving cooperation among self-interested agents remains a fundamental challenge in multi-agent reinforcement learning. Recent work showed that mutual cooperation can be induced between "learning-aware" agents that account for and shape…

In open multi-agent environments, the agents may encounter unexpected teammates. Classical multi-agent learning approaches train agents that can only coordinate with seen teammates. Recent studies attempted to generate diverse teammates to…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-09-25 Lei Yuan , Lihe Li , Ziqian Zhang , Feng Chen , Tianyi Zhang , Cong Guan , Yang Yu , Zhi-Hua Zhou

The cooperation among AI systems, and between AI systems and humans is becoming increasingly important. In various real-world tasks, an agent needs to cooperate with unknown partner agent types. This requires the agent to assess the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Antti Keurulainen , Isak Westerlund , Ariel Kwiatkowski , Samuel Kaski , Alexander Ilin

Multi-agent collaborative perception is expected to significantly improve perception performance by overcoming the limitations of single-agent perception through exchanging complementary information. However, training a robust collaborative…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Quanmin Wei , Penglin Dai , Wei Li , Bingyi Liu , Xiao Wu

Multi-agent systems require effective coordination between groups and individuals to achieve common goals. However, current multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) methods primarily focus on improving individual policies and do not…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-07-31 Jingqing Ruan , Xiaotian Hao , Dong Li , Hangyu Mao

In recent years, instruction fine-tuning (IFT) on large language models (LLMs) has garnered considerable attention to enhance model performance on unseen tasks. Attempts have been made on automatic construction and effective selection for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Renhao Li , Minghuan Tan , Derek F. Wong , Min Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) based agent systems have made great strides in real-world applications beyond traditional NLP tasks. This paper proposes a new LLM-based Multi-Agent System (LLM-MAS) benchmark, Collab-Overcooked, built on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Haochen Sun , Shuwen Zhang , Lujie Niu , Lei Ren , Hao Xu , Hao Fu , Fangkun Zhao , Caixia Yuan , Xiaojie Wang

In multi-agent systems, agents possess only local observations of the environment. Communication between teammates becomes crucial for enhancing coordination. Past research has primarily focused on encoding local information into embedding…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Peihong Yu , Bhoram Lee , Aswin Raghavan , Supun Samarasekara , Pratap Tokekar , James Zachary Hare

Large language models (LLMs) excel at complex reasoning but can still exhibit harmful behaviors. Current alignment strategies typically embed safety into model weights, making these controls implicit, static, and difficult to modify. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Xuanming Zhang , Yuxuan Chen , Samuel Yeh , Sharon Li
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