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Uncertainty quantification is a set of techniques that measure confidence in language models. They can be used, for example, to detect hallucinations or alert users to review uncertain predictions. To be useful, these confidence scores must…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Lorenzo Jaime Yu Flores , Cesare Spinoso di-Piano , Jackie Chi Kit Cheung

Deepfake detection models often generate natural-language explanations, yet their reasoning is frequently ungrounded in visual evidence, limiting reliability. Existing evaluations measure classification accuracy but overlook reasoning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Kartik Kuckreja , Parul Gupta , Muhammad Haris Khan , Abhinav Dhall

Visual Question Answering (VQA) is challenging due to the complex cross-modal relations. It has received extensive attention from the research community. From the human perspective, to answer a visual question, one needs to read the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Hantao Huang , Tao Han , Wei Han , Deep Yap , Cheng-Ming Chiang

The emergent capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) have made it crucial to align their values with those of humans. However, current methodologies typically attempt to assign value as an attribute to LLMs, yet lack attention to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Zhaowei Zhang , Ceyao Zhang , Nian Liu , Siyuan Qi , Ziqi Rong , Song-Chun Zhu , Shuguang Cui , Yaodong Yang

Establishing a clear link between model predictions and the visual evidence that supports them is critical for transparency and reliability in multimodal reasoning, yet current multimodal large language model (MLLM) evaluations do not…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Mozhgan Nasr Azadani , Yimu Wang , Yongpeng Zhu , Lihong Chen , Milan Ganai , Sean Sedwards , Marco Pavone , Krzysztof Czarnecki

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated robust capabilities across various natural language tasks. However, producing outputs that are consistently honest and helpful remains an open challenge. To overcome this challenge, this paper…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Duc Hieu Ho , Chenglin Fan

The growing awareness of safety concerns in large language models (LLMs) has sparked considerable interest in the evaluation of safety. This study investigates an under-explored issue about the evaluation of LLMs, namely the substantial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Yixu Wang , Yan Teng , Kexin Huang , Chengqi Lyu , Songyang Zhang , Wenwei Zhang , Xingjun Ma , Yu-Gang Jiang , Yu Qiao , Yingchun Wang

Hallucination in large language models (LLMs) remains an acute concern, contributing to the spread of misinformation and diminished public trust, particularly in high-risk domains. Among hallucination types, factuality is crucial, as it…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Adam Szelestey , Sofie van Engelen , Tianhao Huang , Justin Snelders , Qintao Zeng , Songgaojun Deng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in complex reasoning tasks. However, they can be easily misled by unfaithful arguments during conversations, even when their original statements are correct. To this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Yong Zhao , Yang Deng , See-Kiong Ng , Tat-Seng Chua

Even though there has been tremendous progress in the field of Visual Question Answering, models today still tend to be inconsistent and brittle. To this end, we propose a model-independent cyclic framework which increases consistency and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-10 Vatsal Goel , Mohit Chandak , Ashish Anand , Prithwijit Guha

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a wide range of tasks in various domains. Despite their impressive performance, they can be unreliable due to factual errors in their generations. Assessing their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Jiahui Geng , Fengyu Cai , Yuxia Wang , Heinz Koeppl , Preslav Nakov , Iryna Gurevych

Sycophancy in Vision-Language Models (VLMs) refers to their tendency to align with user opinions, often at the expense of moral or factual accuracy. While prior studies have explored sycophantic behavior in general contexts, its impact on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Shadman Rabby , Md. Hefzul Hossain Papon , Sabbir Ahmed , Nokimul Hasan Arif , A. B. M. Ashikur Rahman , Irfan Ahmad

We introduce a professionally translated extension of the TruthfulQA benchmark designed to evaluate truthfulness in Basque, Catalan, Galician, and Spanish. Truthfulness evaluations of large language models (LLMs) have primarily been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Blanca Calvo Figueras , Eneko Sagarzazu , Julen Etxaniz , Jeremy Barnes , Pablo Gamallo , Iria de-Dios-Flores , Rodrigo Agerri

The use of Large Language Models (LLMs) to support patients in addressing medical questions is becoming increasingly prevalent. However, most of the measures currently used to evaluate the performance of these models in this context only…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Abu Noman Md Sakib , Md. Main Oddin Chisty , Zijie Zhang

As humans, we consistently interact with our peers and receive feedback in the form of natural language. This language feedback allows us to maintain appropriate behavior, and rectify potential errors. The question arises naturally: can we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Weiwen Xu , Deng Cai , Zhisong Zhang , Wai Lam , Shuming Shi

Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) achieve strong multimodal reasoning but frequently exhibit hallucinations and incorrect responses with high certainty, which hinders their usage in high-stakes domains. Existing verbalized confidence…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Wenyi Xiao , Xinchi Xu , Leilei Gan

In a plethora of recent work, large language models (LLMs) demonstrated impressive reasoning ability, but many proposed downstream reasoning tasks only focus on final answers. Two fundamental questions persist: 1) how consistent is the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Ziyi Liu , Soumya Sanyal , Isabelle Lee , Yongkang Du , Rahul Gupta , Yang Liu , Jieyu Zhao

Current evaluation of mathematical reasoning in language models relies primarily on answer accuracy, potentially masking fundamental failures in logical computation. We introduce a diagnostic framework that distinguishes genuine…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Subramanyam Sahoo , Vinija Jain , Saanidhya Vats , Siddharth Mohapatra , Rui Min , Aman Chadha , Divya Chaudhary

Evaluating vision-language models (VLMs) in urban driving contexts remains challenging, as existing benchmarks rely on open-ended responses that are ambiguous, annotation-intensive, and inconsistent to score. This lack of standardized…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Boshra Khalili , Andrew W. Smyth

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable fluency and versatility across a wide range of NLP tasks, yet they remain prone to factual inaccuracies and hallucinations. This limitation poses significant risks in high-stakes…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Vipula Rawte , Ryan Rossi , Franck Dernoncourt , Nedim Lipka
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