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Related papers: Experimenting with Permutation Wordle

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In a game of permutation wordle, a player attempts to guess a secret permutation in the fewest number of guesses possible. Previously, Samuel Kutin and Lawren Smithline (arXiv:2408.00903) introduced this game and proposed a strategy called…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-12 Aurora Hiveley

We introduce a guessing game, permutation Wordle, in which a guesser attempts to recover a hidden permutation in $S_n$. In each round, the guesser guesses a permutation (using information from previous rounds) and is told which entries of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-27 Samuel A. Kutin , Lawren M. Smithline

The recent popularity of Wordle has revived interest in guessing games. We develop a general method for finding optimal strategies for guessing games while avoiding an exhaustive search. Our main contributions are several theorems that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Michael Cunanan , Michael Thielscher

Wordle is an online word puzzle game that gained viral popularity in January 2022. The goal is to guess a hidden five letter word. After each guess, the player gains information about whether the letters they guessed are present in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-02 Benton J. Anderson , Jesse G. Meyer

Evolutionary game theory assumes that players replicate a highly scored player's strategy through genetic inheritance. However, when learning occurs culturally, it is often difficult to recognize someone's strategy just by observing the…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2021-07-01 Minjae Kim , Jung-Kyoo Choi , Seung Ki Baek

Consider a card guessing game with complete feedback in which a deck of $n$ cards ordered $1,\dots, n$ is riffle-shuffled once. With the goal to maximize the number of correct guesses, a player guesses cards from the top of the deck one at…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-07-22 Tipaluck Krityakierne , Thotsaporn Aek Thanatipanonda

We consider a card guessing game with complete feedback. An ordered deck of $n$ cards labeled $1$ up to $n$ is riffle-shuffled exactly one time. Given a value $p\in(0{,}1)\setminus\{\frac12\}$, the riffle shuffle is assumed to be…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-13 Markus Kuba

While previous researchers have performed an exhaustive search to determine an optimal Wordle strategy, that computation is very time consuming and produced a strategy using words that are unfamiliar to most people. With Wordle solutions…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Ronald I. Greenberg

The game of best choice (also known as the secretary problem) is a model for sequential decision making with a long history and many variations. The classical setup assumes that the sequence of candidate rankings are uniformly distributed.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-11-06 Brant Jones

Wordle is a very popular word game that is owned by the New York Times. We can design parameterized strategies for solving Wordle, based on probabilistic, statistical, and information-theoretical information about the games. The strategies…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Chao-Lin Liu

In the permutation Mastermind game, the goal is to uncover a secret permutation $\sigma^\star \colon [n] \to [n]$ by making a series of guesses $\pi_1, \ldots, \pi_T$ which must also be permutations of $[n]$, and receiving as feedback after…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Bernardo Subercaseaux

We study a variation of the game of best choice (also known as the secretary problem or game of googol) under an additional assumption that the ranks of interview candidates are restricted using permutation pattern-avoidance. We describe…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-04-24 Aaron Fowlkes , Brant Jones

It is well known that in games with imperfect information, such as poker, bluffing with some probability can be a component of the optimal strategy. However, as far as we know, nobody has ever exhibited a Scrabble position in which the…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2025-09-16 Nick Ballard , Timothy Y. Chow

We investigate a one-time single shelf shuffle by establishing the position matrix explicitly. In some cases, we prove a no-feedback optimal guessing strategy. A general no-feedback strategy is conjectured, and asymptotics for the expected…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-07-15 Alexander Clay

At the beginning of 2022, a simplistic word-guessing game took the world by storm and was further adapted to many languages beyond the original English version. In this paper, we examine the strategies of daily word-guessing game players…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Matīss Rikters , Sanita Reinsone

In this paper, we give a formal definition of the popular word-guessing game Wordle. We show that, in general, determining if a given Wordle instance admits a winning strategy is NP-complete. We also show that given a Wordle instance of…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2022-04-11 Will Rosenbaum

We consider the permutation analogue of Penney's game for words. Two players, in order, each choose a permutation of length $k\ge3$; then a sequence of independent random values from a continuous distribution is generated, until the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-29 Sergi Elizalde , Yixin Lin

Wordle, a word guessing game rose to global popularity in the January of 2022. The goal of the game is to guess a five-letter English word within six tries. Each try provides the player with hints by means of colour changing tiles which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Nisansa de Silva

We introduce a game on graphs. By a theorem of Zermelo, each instance of the game on a finite graph is determined. While the general decision problem on which player has a winning strategy in a given instance of the game is unsolved, we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-11-21 C. L. Jansen , M. Scheepers , S. L. Simon , E. Tatum

When users can benefit from certain predictive outcomes, they may be prone to act to achieve those outcome, e.g., by strategically modifying their features. The goal in strategic classification is therefore to train predictive models that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Guy Horowitz , Nir Rosenfeld
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