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Diffusion models (DMs) have rapidly emerged as a powerful framework for image generation and restoration. However, existing DMs are primarily trained in a supervised manner by using a large corpus of clean images. This reliance on clean…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-15 Brett Levac , Jon Tamir , Marcelo Pereyra , Julian Tachella

Distinguishing cause from effect using observations of a pair of random variables is a core problem in causal discovery. Most approaches proposed for this task, namely additive noise models (ANM), are only adequate for quantitative data. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-16 Mário A. T. Figueiredo , Catarina A. Oliveira

Recent works have proposed regression models which are invariant across data collection environments. These estimators often have a causal interpretation under conditions on the environments and type of invariance imposed. One recent…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-11-10 James P. Long , Hongxu Zhu , Kim-Anh Do , Min Jin Ha

Because diffusion models have shown impressive performances in a number of tasks, such as image synthesis, there is a trend in recent works to prove (with certain assumptions) that these models have strong approximation capabilities. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Yangming Li , Boris van Breugel , Mihaela van der Schaar

Anomaly detection has garnered extensive applications in real industrial manufacturing due to its remarkable effectiveness and efficiency. However, previous generative-based models have been limited by suboptimal reconstruction quality,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Hui Zhang , Zheng Wang , Dan Zeng , Zuxuan Wu , Yu-Gang Jiang

Controlled Direct Effect (CDE) is one of the causal estimands used to evaluate both exposure and mediation effects on an outcome. When there are unmeasured confounders existing between the mediator and the outcome, the ordinary…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-10-30 Shunichiro Orihara , Shinpei Imori , Kosuke Morikawa , Atsushi Goto , Masataka Taguri

This paper develops a new mathematical framework for denoising in blind two-dimensional (2D) super-resolution upon using the atomic norm. The framework denoises a signal that consists of a weighted sum of an unknown number of time-delayed…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-19 Mohamed A. Suliman , Wei Dai

Unobserved confounding is a fundamental challenge for estimating causal effects. To address unobserved confounding, recent literature has turned to two different approaches -- proxy variables and the use of multiple treatments. The first…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-20 Aytijhya Saha , Stephen Bates , Devavrat Shah

Existing music generation models are mostly language-based, neglecting the frequency continuity property of notes, resulting in inadequate fitting of rare or never-used notes and thus reducing the diversity of generated samples. We argue…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Shipei Liu , Xiaoya Fan , Guowei Wu

Multimodal emotion and intent recognition is essential for automated human-computer interaction, It aims to analyze users' speech, text, and visual information to predict their emotions or intent. One of the significant challenges is that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Wei Zhang , Juan Chen , Yanbo J. Wang , En Zhu , Xuan Yang , Yiduo Wang

Masked diffusion models (MDMs) are a promising alternative to autoregressive models (ARMs), but they suffer from inherently much higher training variance. High variance leads to noisier gradient estimates and unstable optimization, so even…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Mengni Jia , Mengyu Zhou , Yihao Liu , Xiaoxi Jiang , Guanjun Jiang

Diffusion models (DM) can gradually learn to remove noise, which have been widely used in artificial intelligence generated content (AIGC) in recent years. The property of DM for eliminating noise leads us to wonder whether DM can be…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Tong Wu , Zhiyong Chen , Dazhi He , Liang Qian , Yin Xu , Meixia Tao , Wenjun Zhang

Diffusion models have recently achieved impressive results in reconstructing images from noisy inputs, and similar ideas have been applied to speech enhancement by treating time-frequency representations as images. With the ubiquity of…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-21 Renana Opochinsky , Sharon Gannot

Known for their impressive performance in generative modeling, diffusion models are attractive candidates for density-based anomaly detection. This paper investigates different variations of diffusion modeling for unsupervised and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Victor Livernoche , Vineet Jain , Yashar Hezaveh , Siamak Ravanbakhsh

Identification of causal direction between a causal-effect pair from observed data has recently attracted much attention. Various methods based on functional causal models have been proposed to solve this problem, by assuming the causal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Ruichu Cai , Jie Qiao , Kun Zhang , Zhenjie Zhang , Zhifeng Hao

Learning predictors that do not rely on spurious correlations involves building causal representations. However, learning such a representation is very challenging. We, therefore, formulate the problem of learning a causal representation…

Researchers are often interested in learning not only the effect of treatments on outcomes, but also the pathways through which these effects operate. A mediator is a variable that is affected by treatment and subsequently affects outcome.…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-12-22 Jeremiah Jones , Ashkan Ertefaie , Robert L. Strawderman

Randomized smoothing is a well-established method for achieving certified robustness against l2-adversarial perturbations. By incorporating a denoiser before the base classifier, pretrained classifiers can be seamlessly integrated into…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Ali Hedayatnia , Mostafa Tavassolipour , Babak Nadjar Araabi , Abdol-Hossein Vahabie

Machine learning--based anomaly detection (AD) methods are promising tools for extending the coverage of searches for physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM). One class of AD methods that has received significant attention is resonant…

The effectiveness of existing denoising algorithms typically relies on accurate pre-defined noise statistics or plenty of paired data, which limits their practicality. In this work, we focus on denoising in the more common case where noise…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-01 Huangxing Lin , Yihong Zhuang , Yue Huang , Xinghao Ding , Yizhou Yu , Xiaoqing Liu , John Paisley
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