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The dynamics of systems of multiple gravitationally interacting bodies is often studied in a frame attached to one of the objects (e.g. a central star in a planetary system). As this frame is generally non-inertial, indirect forces appear…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-15 Roman R. Rafikov

Gravitational coupling between a protoplanetary disc and an embedded planet is often studied in a frame attached to a central star. This frame is non-inertial because of the stellar reflex motion, leading to indirect forces arising in the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-15 Roman R. Rafikov , Nicolas P. Cimerman , Callum W. Fairbairn , Alexander J. Dittmann

The second-order gravitational self-force on a small body is an important problem for gravitational-wave astronomy of extreme mass-ratio inspirals. We give a first-principles derivation of a prescription for computing the first and second…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-04 Samuel E. Gralla

The principal subject of this thesis is the gravitational two-body problem in the extreme-mass-ratio regime---that is, where one mass is significantly smaller than the other---in the full context of our contemporary theory of gravity,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-12-16 Marius Oltean

Everyday experience with centrifugal forces has always guided thinking on the close relationship between gravitational forces and accelerated systems of reference. Once spatial gravitational forces and accelerations are introduced into…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-25 Donato Bini , Paolo Carini , Robert T Jantzen

When dealing with galactic dynamics, or more specifically, with galactic rotation curves, one basic assumption is always taken: the frame of reference relative to which the rotational velocities are given is assumed to be inertial. In other…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-05-25 Roy Gomel , Tomer Zimmerman

In this chapter, we explore how gravitational interactions drive turbulent flows inside planetary cores and provide an interesting alternative to convection to explain dynamo action and magnetic fields around terrestrial bodies. In the…

Geophysics · Physics 2019-07-04 Thomas Le Reun , Michael Le Bars

A novel approach to the Effective One-Body description of gravitationally interacting two-body systems is introduced. This approach is based on the post-Minkowskian approximation scheme (perturbation theory in G, without assuming small…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-11-15 Thibault Damour

The increasing number and variety of extrasolar planets illustrates the importance of characterizing planetary perturbations. Planetary orbits are typically described by physically intuitive orbital elements. Here, we explicitly express the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-11 Dimitri Veras , N. Wyn Evans

A discrete and exact algorithm for obtaining planetary systems is derived in a recent article (Eur. Phys. J. Plus 2022, 137:99). Here the algorithm is used to obtain planetary systems with forces different from the Newtonian inverse square…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-08-31 Søren Toxvaerd

The numerous ways of introducing spatial gravitational forces are fit together in a single framework enabling their interrelationships to be clarified. This framework is then used to treat the ``acceleration equals force" equation and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-25 Robert T. Jantzen , Paolo Carini , Donato Bini

There is a drag force on objects moving in the background cosmological metric, known from galaxy cluster dynamics. The force is quite small over laboratory timescales, yet it applies in principle to all moving bodies in the universe. It…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-08-06 L. L. Williams , N. Inan

A gravitational theory with derivative matter coupling is proposed which adopt de Sitter expansion at late times with ordinary baryonic matter. Matter components are conserved separately in the cosmological background and the Newtonian…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-04-19 Zahra Haghani , Shahab Shahidi

In this paper we consider the central force problem in the special theory of relativity. We derive the special relativistic version of the Binet equation describing the orbit of a body. Then, the motion of a planet in a solar-like system…

Classical Physics · Physics 2022-08-24 Iwan Setiawan , Ryan Sugihakim , Bobby Eka Gunara

Non-gravitational forces play surprising and, sometimes, centrally important roles in shaping the motions and properties of small planetary bodies. In the solar system, the morphologies of comets, the delivery of meteorites and the shapes…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-11-25 David Jewitt

In analysing fluid forces on a moving body, a natural approach is to seek a component due to viscosity and an `inviscid' remainder. It is also attractive to decompose the velocity field into irrotational and rotational parts, and apportion…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2019-10-29 W R Graham

We present a fully relational definition of inertial systems based in the No Arbitrariness Principle, that eliminates the need for absolute inertial frames of reference or distinguished reference systems as the "fixed stars" in order to…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2022-01-25 Hernán G. Solari , Mario A. Natiello

Over the course of the recent decades, $N$-body simulations have become a standard tool for quantifying the gravitational perturbations that ensue in planet-forming disks. Within the context of such simulations, massive non-central bodies…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-08-12 Shirui Peng , Konstantin Batygin

This paper focuses on rotational phenomena of rigid body kinematics. It discusses them in a group-theoretic approach as completely as possible, using methods and notations as intuitive as possible. With a review of current literature, this…

Classical Physics · Physics 2025-12-10 Ziyuan Wang

In the pursuit of a general formulation for a modified gravitational theory at the non-relativistic level and as an alternative to the dark matter hypothesis, we construct a model valid over a wide variety of astrophysical scales. Through…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2011-12-13 S. Mendoza , X. Hernandez , J. C. Hidalgo , T. Bernal
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