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As self-driving systems become better, simulating scenarios where the autonomy stack may fail becomes more important. Traditionally, those scenarios are generated for a few scenes with respect to the planning module that takes ground-truth…

We present SceneTok, a novel tokenizer for encoding view sets of scenes into a compressed and diffusable set of unstructured tokens. Existing approaches for 3D scene representation and generation commonly use 3D data structures or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Mohammad Asim , Christopher Wewer , Jan Eric Lenssen

Autonomous-driving simulators typically trade physical fidelity for scalable parallelism. Physics-based platforms such as CARLA and MetaDrive provide articulated vehicle dynamics and contact, but their non-vectorized interfaces make batched…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yicheng Zhu , Yang Chen , Tao Li , Zilin Bian

Automatic scene generation is an essential area of research with applications in robotics, recreation, visual representation, training and simulation, education, and more. This survey provides a comprehensive review of the current…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Awal Ahmed Fime , Saifuddin Mahmud , Arpita Das , Md. Sunzidul Islam , Hong-Hoon Kim

For autonomous vehicles, safe navigation in complex environments depends on handling a broad range of diverse and rare driving scenarios. Simulation- and scenario-based testing have emerged as key approaches to development and validation of…

Decision-making, motion planning, and trajectory prediction are crucial in autonomous driving systems. By accurately forecasting the movements of other road users, the decision-making capabilities of the autonomous system can be enhanced,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Mais Jamal , Aleksandr Panov

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) with microscopic traffic simulation offers a promising path toward autonomous urban planning and intelligent transportation analysis. However, existing monolithic agent architectures often…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Shuyang Li , Ruimin Ke

Understanding traffic scenes requires considering heterogeneous information about dynamic agents and the static infrastructure. In this work we propose SCENE, a methodology to encode diverse traffic scenes in heterogeneous graphs and to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Thomas Monninger , Julian Schmidt , Jan Rupprecht , David Raba , Julian Jordan , Daniel Frank , Steffen Staab , Klaus Dietmayer

Devising intelligent agents able to live in an environment and learn by observing the surroundings is a longstanding goal of Artificial Intelligence. From a bare Machine Learning perspective, challenges arise when the agent is prevented…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-27 Matteo Tiezzi , Simone Marullo , Lapo Faggi , Enrico Meloni , Alessandro Betti , Stefano Melacci

We present RenderFormer, a neural rendering pipeline that directly renders an image from a triangle-based representation of a scene with full global illumination effects and that does not require per-scene training or fine-tuning. Instead…

Graphics · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Chong Zeng , Yue Dong , Pieter Peers , Hongzhi Wu , Xin Tong

Traffic signal control (TSC) is crucial for reducing traffic congestion leading to smoother traffic flow, reduced idle time, and mitigated CO2 emissions. In this paper, we explore the computer vision approach for TSC that modulates on-road…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Pan He , Quanyi Li , Xiaoyong Yuan , Bolei Zhou

This article summarizes the research progress of scenario-based testing and development technology for autonomous vehicles. We systematically analyzed previous research works and proposed the definition of scenario, the elements of the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-11-09 Xiaoyi Li

Simulation is a crucial component of any robotic system. In order to simulate correctly, we need to write complex rules of the environment: how dynamic agents behave, and how the actions of each of the agents affect the behavior of others.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-05-26 Seung Wook Kim , Yuhao Zhou , Jonah Philion , Antonio Torralba , Sanja Fidler

The development of software components for autonomous driving functions should always include an extensive and rigorous evaluation. Since real-world testing is expensive and safety-critical -- especially when facing dynamic racing scenarios…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-06-18 Tim Stahl , Johannes Betz

The validation of autonomous driving systems benefits greatly from the ability to generate scenarios that are both realistic and precisely controllable. Conventional approaches, such as real-world test drives, are not only expensive but…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Yizhuo Xiao , Mustafa Suphi Erden , Cheng Wang

Generative agents offer promising capabilities for simulating realistic urban behaviors. However, existing methods oversimplify transportation choices, rely heavily on static agent profiles leading to behavioral homogenization, and inherit…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Xiaotong Ye , Nicolas Bougie , Toshihiko Yamasaki , Narimasa Watanabe

This work studies the problem of predicting the sequence of future actions for surround vehicles in real-world driving scenarios. To this aim, we make three main contributions. The first contribution is an automatic method to convert the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-30 Jan-Nico Zaech , Dengxin Dai , Alexander Liniger , Luc Van Gool

This paper addresses the challenges of training end-to-end autonomous driving agents using Reinforcement Learning (RL). RL agents are typically trained in a fixed set of scenarios and nominal behavior of surrounding road users in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Ahmed Abouelazm , Tim Weinstein , Tim Joseph , Philip Schörner , J. Marius Zöllner

Safety-critical traffic scenarios are integral to the development and validation of autonomous driving systems. These scenarios provide crucial insights into vehicle responses under high-risk conditions rarely encountered in real-world…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Jinxiong Lu , Shoaib Azam , Gokhan Alcan , Ville Kyrki

With the rapid development of autonomous vehicles, there is an increasing demand for scenario-based testing to simulate diverse driving scenarios. However, as the base of any driving scenarios, road scenarios (e.g., road topology and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Fan Yang , You Lu , Bihuan Chen , Peng Qin , Xin Peng
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