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Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) is a popular tool in training large-scale machine learning models. Its performance, however, is highly variable, depending crucially on the choice of the step sizes. Accordingly, a variety of strategies for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-06-11 Xiaoyu Li , Zhenxun Zhuang , Francesco Orabona

Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) is among the simplest and most popular methods in optimization. The convergence rate for SGD has been extensively studied and tight analyses have been established for the running average scheme, but the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-06-29 Daogao Liu , Zhou Lu

The dynamical stability of optimization methods at the vicinity of minima of the loss has recently attracted significant attention. For gradient descent (GD), stable convergence is possible only to minima that are sufficiently flat w.r.t.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Rotem Mulayoff , Tomer Michaeli

LLM training is resource-intensive. Quantized training improves computational and memory efficiency but introduces quantization noise, which can hinder convergence and degrade model accuracy. Stochastic Rounding (SR) has emerged as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Taowen Liu , Marta Andronic , Deniz Gündüz , George A. Constantinides

We study the generalization error of randomized learning algorithms -- focusing on stochastic gradient descent (SGD) -- using a novel combination of PAC-Bayes and algorithmic stability. Importantly, our generalization bounds hold for all…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-23 Ben London

In this paper, we propose a new covering technique localized for the trajectories of SGD. This localization provides an algorithm-specific complexity measured by the covering number, which can have dimension-independent cardinality in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-09-20 Sejun Park , Umut Şimşekli , Murat A. Erdogdu

Structured non-convex learning problems, for which critical points have favorable statistical properties, arise frequently in statistical machine learning. Algorithmic convergence and statistical estimation rates are well-understood for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-07-31 Lu Yu , Krishnakumar Balasubramanian , Stanislav Volgushev , Murat A. Erdogdu

Gradient descent and stochastic gradient descent are central to modern machine learning, yet their behavior under large step sizes remains theoretically unclear. Recent work suggests that acceleration often arises near the edge of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Sacchit Kale , Piyushi Manupriya , Pierre Marion , Francis Bach , Anant Raj

We investigate the convergence of stochastic mirror descent (SMD) under interpolation in relatively smooth and smooth convex optimization. In relatively smooth convex optimization we provide new convergence guarantees for SMD with a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-05-26 Ryan D'Orazio , Nicolas Loizou , Issam Laradji , Ioannis Mitliagkas

Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) is one of the simplest and most popular stochastic optimization methods. While it has already been theoretically studied for decades, the classical analysis usually required non-trivial smoothness…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-01-01 Ohad Shamir , Tong Zhang

This paper proposes a novel approach to adaptive step sizes in stochastic gradient descent (SGD) by utilizing quantities that we have identified as numerically traceable -- the Lipschitz constant for gradients and a concept of the local…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-09-19 Frederik Köhne , Leonie Kreis , Anton Schiela , Roland Herzog

The recently proposed stochastic Polyak stepsize (SPS) and stochastic line-search (SLS) for SGD have shown remarkable effectiveness when training over-parameterized models. However, in non-interpolation settings, both algorithms only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Xiaowen Jiang , Sebastian U. Stich

The Polyak stepsize has been widely used in subgradient methods for non-smooth convex optimization. However, calculating the stepsize requires the optimal value, which is generally unknown. Therefore, dynamic estimations of the optimal…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-06-09 Anbang Liu , Mikhail A. Bragin , Xi Chen , Xiaohong Guan

Adam is a popular variant of stochastic gradient descent for finding a local minimizer of a function. In the constant stepsize regime, assuming that the objective function is differentiable and non-convex, we establish the convergence in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-05-15 Anas Barakat , Pascal Bianchi

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is widely used in machine learning. Although being commonly viewed as a fast but not accurate version of gradient descent (GD), it always finds better solutions than GD for modern neural networks. In order…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-08-17 Robert Kleinberg , Yuanzhi Li , Yang Yuan

In this paper, we provide a theoretical study of noise geometry for minibatch stochastic gradient descent (SGD), a phenomenon where noise aligns favorably with the geometry of local landscape. We propose two metrics, derived from analyzing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Mingze Wang , Lei Wu

A variety of widely used optimization methods like SignSGD and Muon can be interpreted as instances of steepest descent under different norm-induced geometries. In this work, we study the implicit bias of mini-batch stochastic steepest…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Jichu Li , Xuan Tang , Difan Zou

Large over-parametrized models learned via stochastic gradient descent (SGD) methods have become a key element in modern machine learning. Although SGD methods are very effective in practice, most theoretical analyses of SGD suggest slower…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-11-08 Raef Bassily , Mikhail Belkin , Siyuan Ma

This paper studies a risk minimization problem with decision dependent data distribution. The problem pertains to the performative prediction setting in which a trained model can affect the outcome estimated by the model. Such dependency…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-01-07 Qiang Li , Hoi-To Wai

Stochastic differentiable approximation schemes are widely used for solving high dimensional problems. Most of existing methods satisfy some desirable properties, including conditional descent inequalities, and almost sure (a.s.)…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-11-08 Jean-Baptiste Fest , Audrey Repetti , Emilie Chouzenoux
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