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Related papers: P-CRE-DML: A Novel Approach for Causal Inference i…

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Researchers and practitioners often wish to measure treatment effects in settings where units interact via markets and recommendation systems. In these settings, units are affected by certain shared states, like prices, algorithmic…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-04-15 Chris Hays , Manish Raghavan

Proper hyperparameter tuning is essential for achieving optimal performance of modern machine learning (ML) methods in predictive tasks. While there is an extensive literature on tuning ML learners for prediction, there is only little…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-02-08 Philipp Bach , Oliver Schacht , Victor Chernozhukov , Sven Klaassen , Martin Spindler

Digital advertising increasingly relies on visual content, yet marketers lack rigorous methods for understanding how specific visual attributes causally affect consumer engagement. This paper addresses a fundamental methodological…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Yizhi Liu , Balaji Padmanabhan , Siva Viswanathan

A common issue in learning decision-making policies in data-rich settings is spurious correlations in the offline dataset, which can be caused by hidden confounders. Instrumental variable (IV) regression, which utilises a key unconfounded…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Daqian Shao , Ashkan Soleymani , Francesco Quinzan , Marta Kwiatkowska

This paper reviews, applies and extends recently proposed methods based on Double Machine Learning (DML) with a focus on program evaluation under unconfoundedness. DML based methods leverage flexible prediction models to adjust for…

Econometrics · Economics 2022-06-06 Michael C. Knaus

Proximal causal learning is a promising framework for identifying the causal effect under the existence of unmeasured confounders. Within this framework, the doubly robust (DR) estimator was derived and has shown its effectiveness in…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-03-12 Yong Wu , Yanwei Fu , Shouyan Wang , Xinwei Sun

We introduce the package ddml for Double/Debiased Machine Learning (DDML) in Stata. Estimators of causal parameters for five different econometric models are supported, allowing for flexible estimation of causal effects of endogenous…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-01-09 Achim Ahrens , Christian B. Hansen , Mark E. Schaffer , Thomas Wiemann

We introduce a new estimator, CRE-GMM, which exploits the correlated random effects (CRE) approach within the generalised method of moments (GMM), specifically applied to level equations, GMM-lev. It has the advantage of estimating the…

Econometrics · Economics 2023-12-14 Maria Elena Bontempi , Jan Ditzen

We propose a double/debiased machine learning framework to estimate average derivative effects in nonparametric panel models with two-way fixed effects. It extends instrumental variable methods to panel settings, handles continuous…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-19 Peikai Wu , Kuan Sun , Zhiguo Xiao

Latent variable models provide a powerful framework for incorporating and inferring unobserved factors in observational data. In causal inference, they help account for hidden factors influencing treatment or outcome, thereby addressing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Tetsuro Morimura , Tatsushi Oka , Yugo Suzuki , Daisuke Moriwaki

Hybrid modeling integrates machine learning with scientific knowledge to enhance interpretability, generalization, and adherence to natural laws. Nevertheless, equifinality and regularization biases pose challenges in hybrid modeling to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Kai-Hendrik Cohrs , Gherardo Varando , Nuno Carvalhais , Markus Reichstein , Gustau Camps-Valls

Double (debiased) machine learning (DML) has seen widespread use in recent years for learning causal/structural parameters, in part due to its flexibility and adaptability to high-dimensional nuisance functions as well as its ability to…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-09-12 Abhinandan Dalal , Patrick Blöbaum , Shiva Kasiviswanathan , Aaditya Ramdas

Mendelian randomization (MR) is widely used to uncover causal relationships in the presence of unmeasured confounders. However, most existing MR methods presuppose linear causality, risking bias when the true relationships are nonlinear,…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-05 Xinpei Wang , Tao Huang , Jinzhu Jia

One way to quantify exposure to air pollution and its constituents in epidemiologic studies is to use an individual's nearest monitor. This strategy results in potential inaccuracy in the actual personal exposure, introducing bias in…

Causal representation learning (CRL) enhances machine learning models' robustness and generalizability by learning structural causal models associated with data-generating processes. We focus on a family of CRL methods that uses contrastive…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-17 Xiusi Li , Sékou-Oumar Kaba , Siamak Ravanbakhsh

We address the setting of Proxy Causal Learning (PCL), which has the goal of estimating causal effects from observed data in the presence of hidden confounding. Proxy methods accomplish this task using two proxy variables related to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Bariscan Bozkurt , Ben Deaner , Dimitri Meunier , Liyuan Xu , Arthur Gretton

Causal Impact (CI) of customer actions are broadly used across the industry to inform both short- and long-term investment decisions of various types. In this paper, we apply the double machine learning (DML) methodology to estimate the CI…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Sushant More , Priya Kotwal , Sujith Chappidi , Dinesh Mandalapu , Chris Khawand

Modern deep learning models excel at pattern recognition but remain fundamentally limited by their reliance on spurious correlations, leading to poor generalization and a demand for massive datasets. We argue that a key ingredient for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Mohamed Zayaan S

Causal inference and model interpretability are gaining increasing attention, particularly in the biomedical domain. Despite recent advance, decorrelating features in nonlinear environments with human-interpretable representations remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Junda Wang , Weijian Li , Han Wang , Hanjia Lyu , Caroline P. Thirukumaran , Addisu Mesfin , Hong Yu , Jiebo Luo

Many programs evaluated in observational studies incorporate a sequential structure, where individuals may be assigned to various programs over time. While this complexity is often simplified by analyzing programs at single points in time,…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-06-16 Fabian Muny