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Mixture of Experts (MoE) models enable parameter-efficient scaling through sparse expert activations, yet optimizing their inference and memory costs remains challenging due to limited understanding of their specialization behavior. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Marmik Chaudhari , Idhant Gulati , Nishkal Hundia , Pranav Karra , Shivam Raval

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures are increasingly adopted in large language models (LLMs) for their scalability and efficiency. However, their modular structure introduces a unique vulnerability: adversaries can attempt to compress or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Pinaki Prasad Guha Neogi , Ahmad Mohammadshirazi , Dheeraj Kulshrestha , Rajiv Ramnath

We propose Tensor-Trained Low-Rank Adaptation Mixture of Experts (TT-LoRA MoE), a novel computational framework integrating Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) with sparse MoE routing to address scalability challenges in large model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Pradip Kunwar , Minh N. Vu , Maanak Gupta , Mahmoud Abdelsalam , Manish Bhattarai

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has demonstrated promising potential in scaling LLMs. However, it is hindered by two critical challenges: (1) substantial GPU memory consumption to load all experts; (2) low activated parameters cannot be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Yuanteng Chen , Yuantian Shao , Peisong Wang , Jian Cheng

Sparse Mixture of Experts (MoE) large language models (LLMs) are gradually becoming the mainstream approach for ultra-large-scale models. Existing optimization efforts for MoE models have focused primarily on coarse-grained MoE…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Haoqi Yang , Luohe Shi , Qiwei Li , Zuchao Li , Ping Wang , Bo Du , Mengjia Shen , Hai Zhao

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures have emerged as a promising paradigm for scaling large language models (LLMs) with sparse activation of task-specific experts. Despite their computational efficiency during inference, the massive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Hongcheng Guo , Juntao Yao , Boyang Wang , Junjia Du , Shaosheng Cao , Donglin Di , Shun Zhang , Zhoujun Li

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) language models can reduce computational costs by 2-4$\times$ compared to dense models without sacrificing performance, making them more efficient in computation-bounded scenarios. However, MoE models generally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Bowen Pan , Yikang Shen , Haokun Liu , Mayank Mishra , Gaoyuan Zhang , Aude Oliva , Colin Raffel , Rameswar Panda

Large language models (LLMs) achieve remarkable performance on diverse downstream and domain-specific tasks via parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT). However, existing PEFT methods, particularly MoE-LoRA architectures, suffer from limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jie Cao , Zhenxuan Fan , Zhuonan Wang , Tianwei Lin , Ziyuan Zhao , Rolan Yan , Wenqiao Zhang , Feifei Shao , Hongwei Wang , Jun Xiao , Siliang Tang

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures scale Large Language Models via expert specialization induced by conditional computation. In practice, however, expert specialization often fails: some experts become functionally similar, while others…

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) language models reduce per-token computation but still require storing and serving all experts, making deployment memory-intensive. Existing post-training compression methods mainly shrink this cost by pruning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yilun Yao , Jiaming Pan , Elsie Dai , Peizhuang Cong , Yaoming Li , Tong Yang

The Mixture of Experts (MoE) for language models has been proven effective in augmenting the capacity of models by dynamically routing each input token to a specific subset of experts for processing. Despite the success, most existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Hao Zhao , Zihan Qiu , Huijia Wu , Zili Wang , Zhaofeng He , Jie Fu

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) represents an ensemble methodology that amalgamates predictions from several specialized sub-models (referred to as experts). This fusion is accomplished through a router mechanism, dynamically assigning weights to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Jinze Zhao , Peihao Wang , Zhangyang Wang

Adapting Large Language Models (LLMs) to a continuous stream of tasks is a critical yet challenging endeavor. While Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods have become a standard for this, they face a fundamental dilemma in continual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Haeyong Kang

Sparsely activated Mixture-of-Experts (SMoE) has shown promise in scaling up the learning capacity of neural networks. However, vanilla SMoEs have issues such as expert redundancy and heavy memory requirements, making them inefficient and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Ajay Jaiswal , Jianyu Wang , Yixiao Li , Pingzhi Li , Tianlong Chen , Zhangyang Wang , Chong Wang , Ruoming Pang , Xianzhi Du

Mixture of Experts (MoE) has become a mainstream architecture for building Large Language Models (LLMs) by reducing per-token computation while enabling model scaling. It can be viewed as partitioning a large Feed-Forward Network (FFN) at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Weilin Cai , Le Qin , Shwai He , Junwei Cui , Ang Li , Jiayi Huang

As the training of giant dense models hits the boundary on the availability and capability of the hardware resources today, Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models become one of the most promising model architectures due to their significant…

We present MoE-MLA-RoPE, a novel architecture combination that combines Mixture of Experts (MoE) with Multi-head Latent Attention (MLA) and Rotary Position Embeddings (RoPE) for efficient language modeling. Our approach addresses the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Sushant Mehta , Raj Dandekar , Rajat Dandekar , Sreedath Panat

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has garnered significant attention for its ability to scale up neural networks while utilizing the same or even fewer active parameters. However, MoE does not alleviate the massive memory requirements of networks,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Mingyu Cao , Gen Li , Jie Ji , Jiaqi Zhang , Ajay Jaiswal , Li Shen , Xiaolong Ma , Shiwei Liu , Lu Yin

Fine-tuning pre-trained large language models (LLMs) presents a dual challenge of balancing parameter efficiency and model capacity. Existing methods like low-rank adaptations (LoRA) are efficient but lack flexibility, while…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Hanqing Zeng , Yinglong Xia , Zhuokai Zhao , Chuan Jiang , Qiang Zhang , Jiayi Liu , Qunshu Zhang , Lizhu Zhang , Xiangjun Fan , Benyu Zhang

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models scale large language models efficiently by sparsely activating experts, but once an expert is selected, it is executed fully. Hence, the trade-off between accuracy and computation in an MoE model typically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Nurbek Tastan , Stefanos Laskaridis , Karthik Nandakumar , Samuel Horvath