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Federated learning (FL) is a decentralized machine learning paradigm in which multiple clients collaboratively train a shared model without sharing their local private data. However, real-world applications of FL frequently encounter…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Zhekai Zhou , Shudong Liu , Zhaokun Zhou , Yang Liu , Qiang Yang , Yuesheng Zhu , Guibo Luo

Federated learning (FL) is a promising framework that models distributed machine learning while protecting the privacy of clients. However, FL suffers performance degradation from heterogeneous and limited data. To alleviate the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-09 Xu Zhang , Wenpeng Li , Yunfeng Shao , Yinchuan Li

Heterogeneous federated learning (HFL) aims to ensure effective and privacy-preserving collaboration among different entities. As newly joined clients require significant adjustments and additional training to align with the existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Kaile Wang , Jiannong Cao , Yu Yang , Xiaoyin Li , Mingjin Zhang

The Web is naturally heterogeneous with user devices, geographic regions, browsing patterns, and contexts all leading to highly diverse, unique datasets. Federated Learning (FL) is an important paradigm for the Web because it enables…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Abdulrahman Alotaibi , Irene Tenison , Miriam Kim , Isaac Lee , Lalana Kagal

Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a prominent distributed machine learning framework that enables geographically discrete clients to train a global model collaboratively while preserving their privacy-sensitive data. However, due to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-04-15 Shensheng Zheng , Wenhao Yuan , Xuehe Wang , Lingjie Duan

Federated continual learning (FCL) has received increasing attention due to its potential in handling real-world streaming data, characterized by evolving data distributions and varying client classes over time. The constraints of storage…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Dezhong Yao , Sanmu Li , Yutong Dai , Zhiqiang Xu , Shengshan Hu , Peilin Zhao , Lichao Sun

Federated Learning (FL) is a collaborative method for training models while preserving data privacy in decentralized settings. However, FL encounters challenges related to data heterogeneity, which can result in performance degradation. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Seongyoon Kim , Gihun Lee , Jaehoon Oh , Se-Young Yun

Federated learning (FL) enables a set of distributed clients to jointly train machine learning models while preserving their local data privacy, making it attractive for applications in healthcare, finance, mobility, and smart-city systems.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Eman M. AbouNassar , Amr Elshall , Sameh Abdulah

Personalised federated learning (FL) aims at collaboratively learning a machine learning model taylored for each client. Albeit promising advances have been made in this direction, most of existing approaches works do not allow for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-30 Nikita Kotelevskii , Maxime Vono , Eric Moulines , Alain Durmus

Data heterogeneity is a significant challenge in modern federated learning (FL) as it creates variance in local model updates, causing the aggregated global model to shift away from the true global optimum. Partial client participation in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Mrinmay Sen , Subhrajit Nag

Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as an essential framework for distributed machine learning, especially with its potential for privacy-preserving data processing. However, existing FL frameworks struggle to address statistical and model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Fucheng Guo , Zeyu Luan , Qing Li , Dan Zhao , Yong Jiang

Federated Learning (FL) suffers from severe performance degradation due to the data heterogeneity among clients. Existing works reveal that the fundamental reason is that data heterogeneity can cause client drift where the local model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Haoran Xu , Jiaze Li , Wanyi Wu , Hao Ren

Catastrophic forgetting (CF) poses a persistent challenge in continual learning (CL), especially within federated learning (FL) environments characterized by non-i.i.d. time series data. While existing research has largely focused on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Khaled Hallak , Oudom Kem

Federated learning (FL) enables collaborative machine learning across distributed data owners, but data heterogeneity poses a challenge for model calibration. While prior work focused on improving accuracy for non-iid data, calibration…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Hongyi Peng , Han Yu , Xiaoli Tang , Xiaoxiao Li

Federated Learning (FL) enables decentralised model training across distributed clients without requiring data centralisation. However, the generalisation performance of the global model is usually degraded by data heterogeneity across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Ozgu Goksu , Nicolas Pugeault

The emerging paradigm of federated learning (FL) strives to enable collaborative training of deep models on the network edge without centrally aggregating raw data and hence improving data privacy. In most cases, the assumption of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-12 Xiaoxiao Li , Meirui Jiang , Xiaofei Zhang , Michael Kamp , Qi Dou

In Federated Learning (FL), the data in each client is typically assumed fixed or static. However, data often comes in an incremental manner in real-world applications, where the data domain may increase dynamically. In this work, we study…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Yichen Li , Qunwei Li , Haozhao Wang , Ruixuan Li , Wenliang Zhong , Guannan Zhang

Federated learning (FL) aims to train models collaboratively across clients without sharing data for privacy-preserving. However, one major challenge is the data heterogeneity issue, which refers to the biased labeling preferences at…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Huan Wang , Haoran Li , Huaming Chen , Jun Yan , Jiahua Shi , Jun Shen

Traditional Federated Learning (FL) faces significant challenges in terms of efficiency and accuracy, particularly in heterogeneous environments where clients employ diverse model architectures and have varying computational resources. Such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Jiacheng Wang , Hongtao Lv , Lei Liu

Federated learning (FL) enables distributed model training, yet in heterogeneous deployments, Bandwidth-Constrained Clients (BCCs) often contribute inefficiently due to limited uplink bandwidth. In model-heterogeneous FL with fixed small…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Chengjie Ma , Seungeun Oh , Jihong Park , Seong-Lyun Kim