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Evolutionary model merging provides a powerful framework for the automated, training-free composition of LLMs through parameter-space search. However, existing methods predominantly rely on stochastic, hand-crafted operators that overlook…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Tao Jiang , Xinmeng Yu , Chenhao Yi , Yiling Wu , Yan Li , Ran Cheng , Dongmei Jiang , Jianguo Zhang

Large Language Model (LLM) agents have shown great potential in addressing real-world data science problems. LLM-driven data science agents promise to automate the entire machine learning pipeline, yet their real-world effectiveness remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Yixin Ou , Yujie Luo , Jingsheng Zheng , Lanning Wei , Zhuoyun Yu , Shuofei Qiao , Jintian Zhang , Da Zheng , Yuren Mao , Yunjun Gao , Huajun Chen , Ningyu Zhang

Autoregressive large language models (LLMs) pre-trained by next token prediction are inherently proficient in generative tasks. However, their performance on knowledge-driven tasks such as factual knowledge querying remains unsatisfactory.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Peng Yu , Cheng Deng , Beiya Dai , Xinbing Wang , Ying Wen

Multimodal agents can now tackle complex reasoning tasks with diverse tools, yet they still suffer from inefficient tool use and inflexible orchestration in open-ended settings. A central challenge is enabling such agents to continually…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Guanyu Jiang , Zhaochen Su , Xiaoye Qu , Yi R. Fung

LLM agents increasingly operate in open-ended environments spanning hundreds of sequential episodes, yet they remain largely stateless: each task is solved from scratch without converting past experience into better future behavior. The…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Wujiang Xu , Jiaojiao Han , Minghao Guo , Kai Mei , Xi Zhu , Han Zhang , Dimitris N. Metaxas

Robots deployed in many real-world settings need to be able to acquire new skills and solve new tasks over time. Prior works on planning with skills often make assumptions on the structure of skills and tasks, such as subgoal skills, shared…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-04-15 Jacky Liang , Mohit Sharma , Alex LaGrassa , Shivam Vats , Saumya Saxena , Oliver Kroemer

In recent years, instruction fine-tuning (IFT) on large language models (LLMs) has garnered considerable attention to enhance model performance on unseen tasks. Attempts have been made on automatic construction and effective selection for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Renhao Li , Minghuan Tan , Derek F. Wong , Min Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across diverse tasks but remain fundamentally static, unable to adapt their internal parameters to novel tasks, evolving knowledge domains, or dynamic interaction…

As AI advances toward general intelligence, the focus is shifting from systems optimized for static tasks to creating open-ended agents that learn continuously. In this paper, we introduce Experience-driven Lifelong Learning (ELL), a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Yuxuan Cai , Yipeng Hao , Jie Zhou , Hang Yan , Zhikai Lei , Rui Zhen , Zhenhua Han , Yutao Yang , Junsong Li , Qianjun Pan , Tianyu Huai , Qin Chen , Xin Li , Kai Chen , Bo Zhang , Xipeng Qiu , Liang He

While scaling laws for Large Language Models (LLMs) have been extensively studied along dimensions of model parameters, training data, and compute, the scaling behavior of LLM-based educational agents remains unexplored. We propose that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Mengsong Wu , Hao Hao , Shuzhen Bi , Keqian Li , Wentao Liu , Siyu Song , Hongbo Zhao , Aimin Zhou

Agent Skills are structured packages of procedural knowledge that augment LLM agents at inference time. Despite rapid adoption, there is no standard way to measure whether they actually help. We present SkillsBench, a benchmark of 86 tasks…

Modern LLM agents increasingly create their own tools at runtime -- from Python functions to API clients -- yet existing benchmarks evaluate them almost exclusively by downstream task completion. This is analogous to judging a software…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Alibek T. Kaliyev , Artem Maryanskyy

Developing robotic agents that can perform well in diverse environments while showing a variety of behaviors is a key challenge in AI and robotics. Traditional reinforcement learning (RL) methods often create agents that specialize in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Octi Zhang , Quanquan Peng , Rosario Scalise , Bryon Boots

Acquiring abilities in the absence of a task-oriented reward function is at the frontier of reinforcement learning research. This problem has been studied through the lens of empowerment, which draws a connection between option discovery…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-04 Víctor Campos , Alexander Trott , Caiming Xiong , Richard Socher , Xavier Giro-i-Nieto , Jordi Torres

Multilingual large language models (LLMs) possess impressive multilingual understanding and generation capabilities. However, their performance and cross-lingual alignment often lag for non-dominant languages. A common solution is to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Mengyu Bu , Shaolei Zhang , Zhongjun He , Hua Wu , Yang Feng

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has significantly advanced Large Language Models (LLMs) in verifiable domains, but aligning models for open-ended generation remains profoundly challenging due to the lack of definitive rewards. Current…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Xin Guan , Xiaomeng Hu , Shen Huang , Zhenyi Wang , Bo Zhang , Zijian Li , Pengjun Xie , Bo Liu , Jiuxin Cao

LLM-powered Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) have emerged as an effective approach towards collaborative intelligence, and have attracted wide research interests. Among them, ``self-evolving'' MAS, treated as a more flexible and powerful technical…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Xingjian Wu , Xvyuan Liu , Junkai Lu , Siyuan Wang , Xiangfei Qiu , Yang Shu , Jilin Hu , Chenjuan Guo , Bin Yang

Humans excel in analogical learning and knowledge transfer and, more importantly, possess a unique understanding of identifying appropriate sources of knowledge. From a model's perspective, this presents an interesting challenge. If models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Xinhao Zhang , Jinghan Zhang , Fengran Mo , Dongjie Wang , Yanjie Fu , Kunpeng Liu

Recent advances in code generation models have demonstrated impressive capabilities in automating software development tasks, yet these models still struggle in real-world software engineering scenarios. Although current training methods,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Kechi Zhang , Huangzhao Zhang , Ge Li , Jinliang You , Jia Li , Yunfei Zhao , Zhi Jin

Skill-augmented agents increasingly rely on large reusable skill libraries, but retrieving relevant skills is not the same as presenting usable context. Existing methods typically return atomic skills or dependency-aware bundles whose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Kun Zeng , Yu Huo , Siyu Zhang , Zi Ye , Yuecheng Zhuo , Haoyue Liu , Yuquan Lu , Junhao Wen , Xiaoying Tang