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We introduce a novel retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) framework tailored for multihop question answering. First, our system uses large language model (LLM) to decompose complex multihop questions into a sequence of single-hop…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Seokgi Lee

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in medical question answering; however, purely parametric models often suffer from knowledge gaps and limited factual grounding. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Nusrat Sultana , Abdullah Muhammad Moosa , Kazi Afzalur Rahman , Sajal Chandra Banik

We study question answering in the domain of radio regulations, a legally sensitive and high-stakes area. We propose a telecom-specific Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) pipeline and introduce, to our knowledge, the first multiple-choice…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Zakaria El Kassimi , Fares Fourati , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) frameworks enable large language models (LLMs) to retrieve relevant information from a knowledge base and incorporate it into the context for generating responses. This mitigates hallucinations and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Pouria Rouzrokh , Shahriar Faghani , Cooper U. Gamble , Moein Shariatnia , Bradley J. Erickson

Retrieval augmented generation (RAG) pipelines are commonly used in tasks such as question-answering (QA), relying on retrieving relevant documents from a vector store computed using a pretrained embedding model. However, if the retrieved…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Ambuje Gupta , Mrinal Rawat , Andreas Stolcke , Roberto Pieraccini

Interest in generative Electrocardiogram-Language Models (ELMs) is growing, as they can produce textual responses conditioned on ECG signals and textual queries. Unlike traditional classifiers that output label probabilities, ELMs are more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Xiaoyu Song , William Han , Tony Chen , Chaojing Duan , Michael A. Rosenberg , Emerson Liu , Ding Zhao

Document understanding is critical for applications from financial analysis to scientific discovery. Current approaches, whether OCR-based pipelines feeding Large Language Models (LLMs) or native Multimodal LLMs (MLLMs), face key…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Sensen Gao , Shanshan Zhao , Xu Jiang , Lunhao Duan , Yong Xien Chng , Qing-Guo Chen , Weihua Luo , Kaifu Zhang , Jia-Wang Bian , Mingming Gong

In the field of Material Science, effective information retrieval systems are essential for facilitating research. Traditional Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) approaches in Large Language Models (LLMs) often encounter challenges such…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Radeen Mostafa , Mirza Nihal Baig , Mashaekh Tausif Ehsan , Jakir Hasan

Large Language Models (LLMs) are becoming essential tools for various natural language processing tasks but often suffer from generating outdated or incorrect information. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) addresses this issue by…

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) significantly improves the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) on knowledge-intensive tasks. However, varying response quality across LLMs under RAG necessitates intelligent routing mechanisms,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Jiarui Zhang , Xiangyu Liu , Yong Hu , Chaoyue Niu , Fan Wu , Guihai Chen

Short answer assessment is a vital component of science education, allowing evaluation of students' complex three-dimensional understanding. Large language models (LLMs) that possess human-like ability in linguistic tasks are increasingly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Yucheng Chu , Peng He , Hang Li , Haoyu Han , Kaiqi Yang , Yu Xue , Tingting Li , Joseph Krajcik , Jiliang Tang

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) introduces additional information to enhance large language models (LLMs). In machine translation (MT), previous work typically retrieves in-context examples from paired MT corpora, or domain-specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Jiaan Wang , Fandong Meng , Yingxue Zhang , Jie Zhou

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly improved complex reasoning capabilities. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has further extended these capabilities by grounding generation in dynamically retrieved…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Jash Rajesh Parekh , Pengcheng Jiang , Jiawei Han

In this study, we explore the fine-tuning of Large Language Models (LLMs) to better support policymakers in their crucial work of understanding, analyzing, and crafting legal regulations. To equip the model with a deep understanding of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-06 One Octadion , Bondan Sapta Prakoso , Nanang Yudi Setiawan , Novanto Yudistira

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances the factual grounding of Large Language Models by conditioning their outputs on external documents. However, standard embedding-based retrievers treat naturally structured corpora, such as…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Giorgia Bolognesi , Claudio Estatico , Ulderico Fugacci , Isabella Mastroianni , Claudio Muselli , Luca Oneto

Although Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate significant capabilities, their reliance on parametric knowledge often leads to inaccuracies. Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) mitigates this by incorporating external knowledge, but…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Hailong Yin , Bin Zhu , Jingjing Chen , Chong-Wah Ngo

Large language models (LLMs) have recently become the leading source of answers for users' questions online. Despite their ability to offer eloquent answers, their accuracy and reliability can pose a significant challenge. This is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Bojana Bašaragin , Adela Ljajić , Darija Medvecki , Lorenzo Cassano , Miloš Košprdić , Nikola Milošević

Large language models (LLMs) often need to incorporate external knowledge to solve theme-specific problems. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has shown its high promise, empowering LLMs to generate more qualified responses with retrieved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Jimeng Shi , Sizhe Zhou , Bowen Jin , Wei Hu , Runchu Tian , Shaowen Wang , Giri Narasimhan , Jiawei Han

As connected and automated transportation systems evolve, there is a growing need for federal and state authorities to revise existing laws and develop new statutes to address emerging cybersecurity and data privacy challenges. This study…

This paper presents the development and evaluation of a Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) system for querying the United Kingdom's National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) clinical guidelines using Large Language Models…