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This work investigates the resilience of contemporary large language models (LLMs) against frequent character-level perturbations. We examine three types of character-level perturbations including introducing numerous typos within words,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Anyuan Zhuo , Xuefei Ning , Ningyuan Li , Jingyi Zhu , Yu Wang , Pinyan Lu

On word segmentation problems, machine learning architecture engineering often draws attention. The problem representation itself, however, has remained almost static as either word lattice ranking or character sequence tagging, for at…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-07 Mike Tian-Jian Jiang

Rapidly developed neural models have achieved competitive performance in Chinese word segmentation (CWS) as their traditional counterparts. However, most of methods encounter the computational inefficiency especially for long sentences…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-01-30 Sufeng Duan , Jiangtong Li , Hai Zhao

Billions of public domain documents remain trapped in hard copy or lack an accurate digitization. Modern natural language processing methods cannot be used to index, retrieve, and summarize their texts; conduct computational textual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Tom Bryan , Jacob Carlson , Abhishek Arora , Melissa Dell

Previous work has predominantly focused on monolingual English semantic parsing. We, instead, explore the feasibility of Chinese semantic parsing in the absence of labeled data for Chinese meaning representations. We describe the pipeline…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-19 Chunliu Wang , Xiao Zhang , Johan Bos

In constituency parsing, span-based decoding is an important direction. However, for Chinese sentences, because of their linguistic characteristics, it is necessary to utilize other models to perform word segmentation first, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Zhicheng Wang , Tianyu Shi , Cong Liu

Font selection is one of the most important steps in a design workflow. Traditional methods rely on ordered lists which require significant domain knowledge and are often difficult to use even for trained professionals. In this paper, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-10-03 Tianlang Chen , Zhaowen Wang , Ning Xu , Hailin Jin , Jiebo Luo

Automatic few-shot font generation aims to solve a well-defined, real-world problem because manual font designs are expensive and sensitive to the expertise of designers. Existing methods learn to disentangle style and content elements by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-23 Song Park , Sanghyuk Chun , Junbum Cha , Bado Lee , Hyunjung Shim

In recent years, rapid advances in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have increasingly stimulated research on ancient Chinese scripts. As the evolution of written characters constitutes a fundamental pathway for understanding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Rui Song , Lida Shi , Ruihua Qi , Yingji Li , Hao Xu

This paper presents methods for building speech recognizers tailored for Japanese speaking assessment tasks. Specifically, we build a speech recognizer that outputs phonemic labels with accent markers. Although Japanese is resource-rich,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Yotaro Kubo , Richard Sproat , Chihiro Taguchi , Llion Jones

In this paper, we propose a novel method based on character sequence-to-sequence models to correct documents already processed with Optical Character Recognition (OCR) systems. The main contribution of this paper is a set of strategies to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-26 Juan Ramirez-Orta , Eduardo Xamena , Ana Maguitman , Evangelos Milios , Axel J. Soto

Arabic is one of the languages that present special challenges to Optical character recognition (OCR). The main challenge in Arabic is that it is mostly cursive. Therefore, a segmentation process must be carried out to determine where the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-07-05 Mahmoud A. A. Mousa , Mohammed S. Sayed , Mahmoud I. Abdalla

Writing assistance is an application closely related to human life and is also a fundamental Natural Language Processing (NLP) research field. Its aim is to improve the correctness and quality of input texts, with character checking being…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Yinghui Li , Zishan Xu , Shaoshen Chen , Haojing Huang , Yangning Li , Yong Jiang , Zhongli Li , Qingyu Zhou , Hai-Tao Zheng , Ying Shen

This paper presents an experiment of automatically scoring handwritten descriptive answers in the trial tests for the new Japanese university entrance examination, which were made for about 120,000 examinees in 2017 and 2018. There are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Hung Tuan Nguyen , Cuong Tuan Nguyen , Haruki Oka , Tsunenori Ishioka , Masaki Nakagawa

Recently, neural network models for natural language processing tasks have been increasingly focused on for their ability of alleviating the burden of manual feature engineering. However, the previous neural models cannot extract the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-07-04 Xinchi Chen , Xipeng Qiu , Xuanjing Huang

Automatic few-shot font generation is a practical and widely studied problem because manual designs are expensive and sensitive to the expertise of designers. Existing few-shot font generation methods aim to learn to disentangle the style…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-17 Song Park , Sanghyuk Chun , Junbum Cha , Bado Lee , Hyunjung Shim

Characters have commonly been regarded as the minimal processing unit in Natural Language Processing (NLP). But many non-latin languages have hieroglyphic writing systems, involving a big alphabet with thousands or millions of characters.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-01-08 Han He , Lei Wu , Xiaokun Yang , Hua Yan , Zhimin Gao , Yi Feng , George Townsend

This paper studies Chinese Spelling Correction (CSC), which aims to detect and correct the potential spelling errors in a given sentence. Current state-of-the-art methods regard CSC as a sequence tagging task and fine-tune BERT-based models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-29 Linfeng Liu , Hongqiu Wu , Hai Zhao

While Large Language Models (LLMs) produce highly nuanced text simplifications, developers currently lack tools for a holistic, efficient, and reproducible diagnosis of their behavior. This paper introduces the Simplification Profiler, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Lars Klöser , Mika Beele , Bodo Kraft

We introduce a general framework for assigning distances between kanji based on their dissimilarity. What we mean by this term may depend on the concrete application. The only assumption we make is that the dissimilarity between two kanji…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-04-06 Dominic Schuhmacher
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