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We introduce \textbf{Schr\"{o}dinger AI}, a unified machine learning framework inspired by quantum mechanics. The system is defined by three tightly coupled components: (1) a {time-independent wave-energy solver} that treats perception and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Truong Son Nguyen

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has recently gained a swell of interest, as many Artificial Intelligence (AI) practitioners and developers are compelled to rationalize how such AI-based systems work. Decades back, most XAI systems…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Muhammad Suffian , Muhammad Yaseen Khan , Alessandro Bogliolo

High-level reasoning can be defined as the capability to generalize over knowledge acquired via experience, and to exhibit robust behavior in novel situations. Such form of reasoning is a basic skill in humans, who seamlessly use it in a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Alessandro Oltramari

Reasoning, the ability to logically draw conclusions from existing knowledge, is a hallmark of human. Together with perception, they constitute the two major themes of artificial intelligence. While deep learning has pushed the limit of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Zhaocheng Zhu

AI for Mathematics (AI4Math) has emerged as a distinct field that leverages machine learning to navigate mathematical landscapes historically intractable for early symbolic systems. While mid-20th-century symbolic approaches successfully…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2026-05-05 Haocheng Ju , Bin Dong

Recent progress in artificial intelligence (AI) has renewed interest in building systems that learn and think like people. Many advances have come from using deep neural networks trained end-to-end in tasks such as object recognition, video…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-11-03 Brenden M. Lake , Tomer D. Ullman , Joshua B. Tenenbaum , Samuel J. Gershman

Although existing models can interact with humans and provide satisfactory responses, they lack the ability to act autonomously or engage in independent reasoning. Furthermore, input data in these models is typically provided as explicit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Slimane Larabi

Large language models (LLMs) have shown exceptional performance as general-purpose assistants, excelling across a variety of reasoning tasks. This achievement represents a significant step toward achieving artificial general intelligence…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Xiaoyu Tan , Yongxin Deng , Xihe Qiu , Weidi Xu , Chao Qu , Wei Chu , Yinghui Xu , Yuan Qi

Despite explainable AI (XAI) has recently become a hot topic and several different approaches have been developed, there is still a widespread belief that it lacks a convincing unifying foundation. On the other hand, over the past…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Martina Mattioli , Antonio Emanuele Cinà , Marcello Pelillo

The "AI singularity" is often miscast as a monolithic, godlike mind. Evolution suggests a different path: intelligence is fundamentally plural, social, and relational. Recent advances in agentic AI reveal that frontier reasoning models,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-24 James Evans , Benjamin Bratton , Blaise Agüera y Arcas

The emergence of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) represents not an incremental technological advance but a qualitative epistemological shift that challenges foundational assumptions of computer science. Whereas machine learning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Ilya Levin

This study explores the integration of generative artificial intelligence (AI), specifically large language models, with multi-modal analogical reasoning as an innovative approach to enhance science, technology, engineering, and mathematics…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Chen Cao , Zijian Ding , Gyeong-Geon Lee , Jiajun Jiao , Jionghao Lin , Xiaoming Zhai

Embodied Artificial Intelligence (AI) is an intelligent system paradigm for achieving Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), serving as the cornerstone for various applications and driving the evolution from cyberspace to physical systems.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Tongtong Feng , Xin Wang , Yu-Gang Jiang , Wenwu Zhu

We provide a birds eye view of the rapid developments in AI and Deep Learning that has led to the path-breaking emergence of AI in Large Language Models. The aim of this study is to place all these developments in a pragmatic broader…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-20 Arifa Khan , P. Saravanan , S. K Venkatesan

Adopting cryptography has given rise to a significant evolution in Artificial Intelligence (AI). This paper studies the path and stages of this evolution. We start with reviewing existing relevant surveys, noting their shortcomings,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Behrouz Zolfaghari , Elnaz Rabieinejad , Abbas Yazdinejad , Reza M. Parizi , Ali Dehghantanha

The rise of multimodal generative AI is transforming the intersection of technology and art, offering deeper insights into large-scale artwork. Although its creative capabilities have been widely explored, its potential to represent artwork…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Jin Kim , Byunghwee Lee , Taekho You , Jinhyuk Yun

This paper leverages various philosophical and ontological frameworks to explore the concept of embodied artificial general intelligence (AGI), its relationship to human consciousness, and the key role of the metaverse in facilitating this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Martin Schmalzried

Human problem-solving is never the repetition of a single mindset, by which we mean a distinct mode of cognitive processing. When tackling a specific task, we do not rely on a single mindset; instead, we integrate multiple mindsets within…

This paper examines the role of threshold logic in understanding generative artificial intelligence. Threshold functions, originally studied in the 1960s in digital circuit synthesis, provide a structurally transparent model of neural…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Ilya Levin

This paper develops a comprehensive framework for artificial intelligence systems that operate under strict epistemic constraints, moving beyond stochastic language prediction to support structured reasoning, propositional commitment, and…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Craig Steven Wright