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Foundation models for time series are emerging as powerful general-purpose backbones, yet their potential for domain-specific biomedical signals such as electroencephalography (EEG) remains rather unexplored. In this work, we investigate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Théo Gnassounou , Yessin Moakher , Shifeng Xie , Vasilii Feofanov , Ievgen Redko

Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) based on Motor Execution (ME) and Motor Imagery (MI) electroencephalogram (EEG) signals offer a direct pathway for human-machine interaction. However, developing robust decoding models remains challenging…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-02 Yiqiao Chen , Zijian Huang , Juchi He , Fazheng Xu , Zhenghui Feng

Electroencephalography foundation models (EEG-FMs) have advanced brain signal analysis, but the lack of standardized evaluation benchmarks impedes model comparison and scientific progress. Current evaluations rely on inconsistent protocols…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-16 Wei Xiong , Jiangtong Li , Jie Li , Kun Zhu , Changjun Jiang

EEG-based emotion recognition plays an important role in developing adaptive brain-computer communication systems, yet faces two fundamental challenges in practical implementations: (1) effective integration of non-stationary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Xuetao Lin , Tianhao Peng , Peihong Dai , Yu Liang , Wenjun Wu

Electroencephalography (EEG) foundation models have recently emerged as a promising paradigm for brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), aiming to learn transferable neural representations from large-scale heterogeneous recordings. Despite rapid…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Dingkun Liu , Yuheng Chen , Zhu Chen , Zhenyao Cui , Yaozhi Wen , Jiayu An , Jingwei Luo , Dongrui Wu

Physiological signals such as electrocardiograms (ECG) and electroencephalograms (EEG) provide complementary insights into human health and cognition, yet multi-modal integration is challenging due to limited multi-modal labeled data, and…

Decoding visual neural representations from Electroencephalography (EEG) signals remains a formidable challenge due to their high-dimensional, noisy, and non-Euclidean nature. In this work, we propose a Spatial-Functional Awareness…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Yueming Sun , Long Yang

Continuous electroencephalography (EEG) is routinely used in neurocritical care to monitor seizures and other harmful brain activity, including rhythmic and periodic patterns that are clinically significant. Although deep learning methods…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Argha Kamal Samanta , Deepak Mewada , Monalisa Sarma , Debasis Samanta

Unlike conventional data such as natural images, audio and speech, raw multi-channel Electroencephalogram (EEG) data are difficult to interpret. Modern deep neural networks have shown promising results in EEG studies, however finding robust…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-22 Nikesh Bajaj , Jesús Requena Carrión , Francesco Bellotti

Electroencephalography (EEG) stands as a crucial tool in neuroscientific research and clinical diagnostics, providing valuable insights into the electrical activities of the brain. Traditional EEG signal processing techniques, predominantly…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2024-01-12 Aryan Govil , Eric Yao , Christina R. Borao

Visual neural decoding seeks to reconstruct or infer perceived visual stimuli from brain activity patterns, providing critical insights into human cognition and enabling transformative applications in brain-computer interfaces and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Wenjiang Zhang , Sifeng Wang , Yuwei Su , Xinyu Li , Chen Zhang , Suyu Zhong

Electroencephalography (EEG) is one of the most common signals used to capture the electrical activity of the brain, and the decoding of EEG, to acquire the user intents, has been at the forefront of brain-computer/machine interfaces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Haodong Zhang , Hongqi Li

Clinical electroencephalography is routinely used to evaluate patients with diverse and often overlapping neurological conditions, yet interpretation remains manual, time-intensive, and variable across experts. While automated EEG analysis…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Argha Kamal Samanta , Deepak Mewada , Monalisa Sarma , Debasis Samanta

Visual decoding from brain signals is a key challenge at the intersection of computer vision and neuroscience, requiring methods that bridge neural representations and computational models of vision. We introduce a tri-modal contrastive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Zexuan Chen , Sichao Liu , Runhao Lu , Huichao Qi , Alexandra Woolgar , Xi Vincent Wang , Lihui Wang

Clinical electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis rests on a hand-crafted feature catalog refined over decades, \emph{e.g.,} band power, connectivity, complexity, and more. Modern EEG foundation models bypass this catalog, learn directly from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Ling Tang , Qian Chen , Jilin Mei , Houshi Xu , Quanshi Zhang , Jing Shao , Na Zou , Xia Hu , Dongrui Liu

Invasive brain-computer interfaces with Electrocorticography (ECoG) have shown promise for high-performance speech decoding in medical applications, but less damaging methods like intracranial stereo-electroencephalography (sEEG) remain…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-04 Hui Zheng , Hai-Teng Wang , Wei-Bang Jiang , Zhong-Tao Chen , Li He , Pei-Yang Lin , Peng-Hu Wei , Guo-Guang Zhao , Yun-Zhe Liu

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a non-invasive technique widely used in brain-computer interfaces and clinical applications, yet existing EEG foundation models face limitations in modeling spatio-temporal brain dynamics and lack channel…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-22 Danny Dongyeop Han , Ahhyun Lucy Lee , Taeyang Lee , Yonghyeon Gwon , Sebin Lee , Seongjin Lee , David Keetae Park , Shinjae Yoo , Jiook Cha , Chun Kee Chung

While EEG foundation models have shown significant potential in universal neural decoding across tasks, their advancement remains constrained by the inadequacy modeling of complex spatiotemporal topology, as well as the inherent modality…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Haoning Wang , Wenchao Yang , Shuai Shen , Yang Li

Neural representations induced by naturalistic stimuli offer insights into how humans respond to stimuli in daily life. Understanding neural mechanisms underlying naturalistic stimuli processing hinges on the precise identification and…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2024-07-16 Xinke Shen , Lingyi Tao , Xuyang Chen , Sen Song , Quanying Liu , Dan Zhang

Electroencephalography (EEG) signals reflect activities on certain brain areas. Effective classification of time-varying EEG signals is still challenging. First, EEG signal processing and feature engineering are time-consuming and highly…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-08-27 Xiang Zhang , Lina Yao , Xianzhi Wang , Wenjie Zhang , Shuai Zhang , Yunhao Liu