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Schema linking -- the process of aligning natural language questions with database schema elements -- is a critical yet underexplored component of Text-to-SQL systems. While recent methods have focused primarily on improving SQL generation,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Md Mahadi Hasan Nahid , Davood Rafiei , Weiwei Zhang , Yong Zhang

Vector Similarity Search (VSS) in high-dimensional spaces is rapidly emerging as core functionality in next-generation database systems for numerous data-intensive services -- from embedding lookups in large language models (LLMs), to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Tingyang Chen , Cong Fu , Jiahua Wu , Haotian Wu , Hua Fan , Xiangyu Ke , Yunjun Gao , Yabo Ni , Anxiang Zeng

Evaluating text-to-SQL systems remains largely fragile: correctness is typically judged by executing predicted and gold SQL queries on a single static database, even though the same queries may behave differently under alternative database…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Mohammadamin Habibollah , Davood Rafiei

Speech-based inputs have been gaining significant momentum with the popularity of smartphones and tablets in our daily lives, since voice is the most easiest and efficient way for human-computer interaction. This paper works towards…

Databases · Computer Science 2022-01-05 Yuanfeng Song , Raymond Chi-Wing Wong , Xuefang Zhao , Di Jiang

Text-to-SQL is a task that converts a natural language question into a structured query language (SQL) to retrieve information from a database. Large language models (LLMs) work well in natural language generation tasks, but they are not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-04 Chunxi Guo , Zhiliang Tian , Jintao Tang , Pancheng Wang , Zhihua Wen , Kang Yang , Ting Wang

Querying both structured and unstructured data has become a new paradigm in data analytics and recommendation. With unstructured data, such as text and videos, are converted to high-dimensional vectors and queried with approximate nearest…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Rui Ma , Kai Zhang , Zhenying He , Yinan Jing , X. Sean Wang , Zhenqiang Chen

NL2SQL (natural language to SQL) translates natural language questions into SQL queries, thereby making structured data accessible to non-technical users, serving as the foundation for intelligent data applications. State-of-the-art NL2SQL…

While Text-to-SQL remains the dominant approach for database interaction, real-world analytics increasingly require the flexibility of general-purpose programming languages such as Python or Pandas to manage file-based data and complex…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Hangle Hu , Chenyu Hou , Bin Cao , Ruizhe Li

Several large-scale datasets (e.g., WikiSQL, Spider) for developing natural language interfaces to databases have recently been proposed. These datasets cover a wide breadth of domains but fall short on some essential domains, such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Rahul Kumar , Amar Raja Dibbu , Shrutendra Harsola , Vignesh Subrahmaniam , Ashutosh Modi

Existing Text-to-SQL benchmarks primarily focus on single-table queries or limited joins in general-purpose domains, and thus fail to reflect the complexity of domain-specific, multi-table and geospatial reasoning, To address this…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Hanzhou Liu , Kai Yin , Zhitong Chen , Chenyue Liu , Ali Mostafavi

Text-to-SQL enables natural access to databases, yet most benchmarks are English-only, limiting multilingual progress. We introduce MultiSpider 2.0, extending Spider 2.0 to eight languages (English, German, French, Spanish, Portuguese,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Khanh Trinh Pham , Thu Huong Nguyen , Jun Jo , Quoc Viet Hung Nguyen , Thanh Tam Nguyen

Translating natural language into SQL (Text-to-SQL) remains a core challenge at the intersection of language understanding and structured data access. Although large language models (LLMs) have improved fluency, generating correct and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Kushal Gajjar , Harshit Sikchi , Arpit Singh Gautam , Marc Hammons , Saurabh Jha

Text-to-SQL transforms the user queries from natural language to executable SQL programs, enabling non-experts to interact with complex databases. Existing prompt-based methods craft meticulous text guidelines and examples to facilitate SQL…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Yongdong chi , Hanqing Wang , Zonghan Yang , Jian Yang , Xiao Yan , Yun Chen , Guanhua Chen

Machine learning systems regularly deal with structured data in real-world applications. Unfortunately, such data has been difficult to faithfully represent in a way that most machine learning techniques would expect, i.e. as a real-valued…

Text-to-SQL generation aims to translate natural language questions into SQL statements. In Text-to-SQL based on large language models, schema linking is a widely adopted strategy to streamline the input for LLMs by selecting only relevant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Zhenbiao Cao , Yuanlei Zheng , Zhihao Fan , Xiaojin Zhang , Wei Chen , Xiang Bai

Text-to-SQL is a pivotal task that bridges natural language understanding and structured data access, yet it remains fundamentally challenging due to semantic ambiguity and complex compositional reasoning. While large language models (LLMs)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Jiayuan Bai , Xuan-guang Pan , Chongyang Tao , Shuai Ma

PostgreSQL is an object-relational database (ORDBMS) that was introduced into the database community and has been avidly used for a variety of information extraction use cases. It is also known to be an advanced SQL-compliant open source…

Text-to-Visualization (Text2VIS) enables users to create visualizations from natural language queries, making data insights more accessible. However, Text2VIS faces challenges in interpreting ambiguous queries, as users often express their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Tianqi Luo , Chuhan Huang , Leixian Shen , Boyan Li , Shuyu Shen , Wei Zeng , Nan Tang , Yuyu Luo

Text-to-SQL aims at generating SQL queries for the given natural language questions and thus helping users to query databases. Prompt learning with large language models (LLMs) has emerged as a recent approach, which designs prompts to lead…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Chunxi Guo , Zhiliang Tian , Jintao Tang , Shasha Li , Zhihua Wen , Kaixuan Wang , Ting Wang

Computer science texts are particularly rich in both narrative content and illustrative charts, algorithms, images, annotated diagrams, etc. This study explores the extent to which vector-based multimodal retrieval, powered by…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Beth Plale , Sai Navya Jyesta , Sachith Withana
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