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Physics Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have frequently been used for the numerical approximation of Partial Differential Equations (PDEs). The goal of this paper is to construct PINNs along with a computable upper bound of the error,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-12-19 Lewin Ernst , Karsten Urban

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) are machine learning tools that approximate the solution of general partial differential equations (PDEs) by adding them in some form as terms of the loss/cost function of a Neural Network. Most…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-08-29 Antonio Tadeu Azevedo Gomes , Larissa Miguez da Silva , Frederic Valentin

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are extensively employed to solve partial differential equations (PDEs) by ensuring that the outputs and gradients of deep learning models adhere to the governing equations. However, constrained by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Chenhao Si , Ming Yan

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have emerged as a new learning paradigm for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) by enforcing the constraints of physical equations, boundary conditions (BCs), and initial conditions (ICs)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Chenhong Zhou , Jie Chen , Zaifeng Yang , Ching Eng Png

Physics-informed extreme learning machine (PIELM) has recently received significant attention as a rapid version of physics-informed neural network (PINN) for solving partial differential equations (PDEs). The key characteristic is to fix…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Xu Liu , Wen Yao , Wei Peng , Weien Zhou

In this paper, we present a novel methodology for automatic adaptive weighting of Bayesian Physics-Informed Neural Networks (BPINNs), and we demonstrate that this makes it possible to robustly address multi-objective and multi-scale…

Computational Physics · Physics 2023-08-09 Sarah Perez , Suryanarayana Maddu , Ivo F. Sbalzarini , Philippe Poncet

Partial differential equation (PDE) solvers are fundamental to engineering simulation. Classical mesh-based approaches (finite difference/volume/element) are fast and accurate on high-quality meshes but struggle with higher-order operators…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Akshay Govind Srinivasan , Vikas Dwivedi , Balaji Srinivasan

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have plateaued at errors of $10^{-3}$-$10^{-4}$ for fourth-order partial differential equations, creating a perceived precision ceiling that limits their adoption in engineering applications. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Wei Shan Lee , Chi Kiu Althina Chau , Kei Chon Sio , Kam Ian Leong

With the rapid advancement of graphical processing units, Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) are emerging as a promising tool for solving partial differential equations (PDEs). However, PINNs are not well suited for solving PDEs with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Yuxiang Gao , Soheil Kolouri , Ravindra Duddu

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have been widely used to develop neural surrogates for solutions of Partial Differential Equations. A drawback of PINNs is that they have to be retrained with every change in initial-boundary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Ritam Majumdar , Vishal Jadhav , Anirudh Deodhar , Shirish Karande , Lovekesh Vig , Venkataramana Runkana

As an emerging technology in deep learning, physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have been widely used to solve various partial differential equations (PDEs) in engineering. However, PDEs based on practical considerations contain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-11 Yuhao Huang

Interest is rising in Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) as a mesh-free alternative to traditional numerical solvers for partial differential equations (PDEs). However, PINNs often struggle to learn high-frequency and multi-scale…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Madison Cooley , Varun Shankar , Robert M. Kirby , Shandian Zhe

Motivated by recent research on Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs), we make the first attempt to introduce the PINNs for numerical simulation of the elliptic Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) on 3D manifolds. PINNs are one of the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-03-05 Zhuochao Tang , Zhuojia Fu

Physics-informed neural networks (PINN) is a machine learning (ML)-based method to solve partial differential equations that has gained great popularity due to the fast development of ML libraries in the last few years. The…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2024-12-31 Martin A. Achondo , Jehanzeb H. Chaudhry , Christopher D. Cooper

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) as a means of discretizing partial differential equations (PDEs) are garnering much attention in the Computational Science and Engineering (CS&E) world. At least two challenges exist for PINNs at…

Computational Physics · Physics 2023-01-23 Michael Penwarden , Shandian Zhe , Akil Narayan , Robert M. Kirby

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are a versatile tool in the burgeoning field of scientific machine learning for solving partial differential equations (PDEs). However, determining suitable training strategies for them is not…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-03-09 Saad Qadeer , Panos Stinis

Compared with conventional numerical approaches to solving partial differential equations (PDEs), physics-informed neural networks (PINN) have manifested the capability to save development effort and computational cost, especially in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-19 Shihong Zhang , Chi Zhang , Bosen Wang

Neural networks can be trained to solve partial differential equations (PDEs) by using the PDE residual as the loss function. This strategy is called "physics-informed neural networks" (PINNs), but it currently cannot produce high-accuracy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Qi Zeng , Yash Kothari , Spencer H. Bryngelson , Florian Schäfer

In this work, we study physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) constrained by partial differential equations (PDEs) and their application in approximating PDEs with two characteristic scales. From a continuous perspective, our formulation…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-09-06 Michael Hintermüller , Denis Korolev

Optimizing deep neural networks (DNNs) often suffers from the ill-conditioned problem. We observe that the scaling-based weight space symmetry property in rectified nonlinear network will cause this negative effect. Therefore, we propose to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-10-09 Lei Huang , Xianglong Liu , Bo Lang , Bo Li
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