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Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) using coherent states and heterodyne detection enables secure quantum communication based on technology that has large similarities to coherent optical telecommunication. Yet, practical…

Twin-field quantum key distribution (TF-QKD) promises ultra-long secure key distribution which surpasses the rate distance limit and can reduce the number of the trusted nodes in long-haul quantum network. Tremendous efforts have been made…

In recent years, continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) has become a promising paradigm for enabling secure communication among multiple end users sharing the same telecommunication backbone. CV-QKD with reverse…

Nowadays, quantum communications provide a vast field of research in rapid expansion, with a huge potential impact on the future developments of quantum technologies. In particular, continuous variable systems, employing coherent-state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-20 Michele N. Notarnicola

Continuous-variable (CV) quantum key distribution (QKD) allows for quantum secure communication with the benefit of being close to existing classical coherent communication. In recent years, CV QKD protocols using a discrete number of…

Quantum key distribution relying on the principles of quantum mechanics enables two parties to produce a shared random secret key, thereby ensuring the security of data transmission. Continuous variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-05 Dengke Qi , Xiangyu Wang , Jiayu Ma , Zhenghua Li , Ziyang Chen , Yueming Lu , Song Yu

We present a composable security proof, valid against arbitrary attacks and including finite-size effects, for a high dimensional time-frequency quantum key distribution (TFQKD) protocol based upon spectrally entangled photons. Previous…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-30 Nathan Walk , Jonathan Barrett , Joshua Nunn

Quantum key distribution (QKD) enables two remote parties to share encryption keys with security based on the laws of physics. Continuous variable (CV) QKD with coherent states and coherent detection integrates well with existing…

We propose an improved two-way continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV QKD) protocol by adding proper random noise on the receiver's homodyne detection, the security of which is analysed against general collective attacks. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-07 Maozhu Sun , Xiang Peng , Hong Guo

Quantum key distribution with continuous variables already uses advantageous high-speed single-mode homodyne detection with low electronic noise at room temperature. Together with continuous-variable information encoding to nonclassical…

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) offers unconditional security in principle. Many QKD protocols have been proposed and demonstrated to ensure secure communication between two authenticated users. Continuous variable (CV) QKD offers many…

In recent years Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) has emerged as the most paradigmatic example of Quantum technology allowing the realization of intrinsically secure communication links over hundreds of kilometers. Beyond its commercial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-04-15 A. Avella , G. Brida , D. Carpentras , A. Cavanna , I. P. Degiovanni , M. Genovese , M. Gramegna , P. Traina

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) schemes are key exchange protocols based on the physical properties of quantum channels. They avoid the computational-hardness assumptions that underlie the security of classical key exchange.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-19 Arpan Akash Ray , Boris Skoric

Within the broad research scenario of quantum secure communication, Two-Way Quantum Key Distribution (TWQKD) is a relatively new proposal for sharing secret keys that is not fully explored yet. We analyse the security of TWQKD schemes that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-11-18 C. Ivan Henao , Roberto M. Serra

The field of space communications is the realm of communication technologies where diffraction and atmospheric effects, both of which contribute to loss and noise, become overriding. The pertinent questions here are how and at which rate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-27 Masoud Ghalaii , Stefano Pirandola

Secure communication over long distances is one of the major problems of modern informatics. Classical transmissions are recognized to be vulnerable to quantum computer attacks. Remarkably, the same quantum mechanics that engenders quantum…

We propose an efficient logical layer-based reconciliation method for continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) to extract binary information from correlated Gaussian variables. We demonstrate that by operating on the raw-data…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-09 Laszlo Gyongyosi , Sandor Imre

Continuous variable (CV) quantum key distribution (QKD) provides a powerful setting for secure quantum communications, thanks to the use of room-temperature off-the-shelf optical devices and the potential to reach much higher rates than the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-03 Stefano Pirandola

We propose a continuous-variable measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (CV-MDI QKD) protocol, in which detection is conducted by an untrusted third party. Our protocol can defend all detector side channels, which seriously…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-05-13 Zhengyu Li , Yi-Chen Zhang , Feihu Xu , Xiang Peng , Hong Guo

Security of modern classical data encryption often relies on computationally hard problems, which can be trivialized with the advent of quantum computers. A potential remedy for this is quantum communication which takes advantage of the…