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Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable success in supporting a wide range of knowledge-intensive tasks. In specialized domains, there is growing interest in leveraging LLMs to assist subject matter experts with domain-specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Aman Kumar , Ekant Muljibhai Amin , Xian Yeow Lee , Lasitha Vidyaratne , Ahmed K. Farahat , Dipanjan D. Ghosh , Yuta Koreeda , Chetan Gupta

Context faithfulness is essential for reliable reasoning in context-dependent scenarios. However, large language models often struggle to ground their outputs in the provided context, resulting in irrelevant responses. Inspired by the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Jun Bai , Minghao Tong , Yang Liu , Zixia Jia , Zilong Zheng

The lack of out-of-domain generalization is a critical weakness of deep networks for semantic segmentation. Previous studies relied on the assumption of a static model, i. e., once the training process is complete, model parameters remain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Sherwin Bahmani , Oliver Hahn , Eduard Zamfir , Nikita Araslanov , Daniel Cremers , Stefan Roth

We present Branch-Train-Stitch (BTS), an efficient and flexible training algorithm for combining independently trained large language model (LLM) experts into a single, capable generalist model. Following Li et al., we start with a single…

Training large language models (LLMs) from scratch requires significant computational resources, driving interest in developing smaller, domain-specific LLMs that maintain both efficiency and strong task performance. Medium-sized models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Chaitali Bhattacharyya , Hyunsei Lee , Junyoung Lee , Shinhyoung Jang , Il hong Suh , Yeseong Kim

Medical vision foundation models remain limited in downstream tasks, particularly volumetric medical image segmentation. While fine-tuning on labeled target-domain data improves performance, existing approaches typically rely on randomly…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-07 Jin Yang , Daniel S. Marcus , Aristeidis Sotiras

A useful strategy to deal with complex classification scenarios is the "divide and conquer" approach. The mixture of experts (MOE) technique makes use of this strategy by joinly training a set of classifiers, or experts, that are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-05-30 Billy Peralta

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods enable efficient adaptation of Large Language Models (LLMs) to various downstream applications. However, the effectiveness of the PEFT diminishes notably when downstream tasks require accurate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Renzhi Wang , Piji Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly rely on Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) and Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) to align model responses with human preferences. While RLHF employs a reinforcement learning approach with…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Alex Sotiropoulos , Sulyab Thottungal Valapu , Linus Lei , Jared Coleman , Bhaskar Krishnamachari

Large Language Models (LLMs) are transforming scholarly tasks like search and summarization, but their reliability remains uncertain. Current evaluation metrics for testing LLM reliability are primarily automated approaches that prioritize…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Anna Martin-Boyle , William Humphreys , Martha Brown , Cara Leckey , Harmanpreet Kaur

Large language models (LLMs) have been widely used for problem-solving tasks. Most recent work improves their performance through supervised fine-tuning (SFT) with labeled data or reinforcement learning (RL) from task feedback. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Hang Li , Kaiqi Yang , Yucheng Chu , Hui Liu , Jiliang Tang

Large language models (LLMs) excel in general tasks but struggle with domain-specific ones, requiring fine-tuning with specific data. With many open-source LLMs available, selecting the best model for fine-tuning downstream tasks is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Wei Huang , Huang Wei , Yinggui Wang

Continual semantic segmentation requires models to adapt to new domains or modalities without sacrificing performance on previously learned tasks. Expert-based learning, in which task-specific modules specialize in different domains, has…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Shishir Muralidhara , Didier Stricker , René Schuster

Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) is a fundamental post-training strategy to align Large Language Models (LLMs) with human intent. However, traditional SFT often ignores the one-to-many nature of language by forcing alignment with a single…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Tao Liu , Taiqiang Wu , Runming Yang , Shaoning Sun , Junjie Wang , Yujiu Yang

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) is a popular class of techniques that strive to adapt large models in a scalable and resource-efficient manner. Yet, the mechanisms underlying their training performance and generalization remain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Zahra Rahimi Afzal , Tara Esmaeilbeig , Mojtaba Soltanalian , Mesrob I. Ohannessian

Pixel-level vision tasks, such as semantic segmentation, require extensive and high-quality annotated data, which is costly to obtain. Semi-supervised semantic segmentation (SSSS) has emerged as a solution to alleviate the labeling burden…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Danhui Chen , Ziquan Liu , Chuxi Yang , Dan Wang , Yan Yan , Yi Xu , Xiangyang Ji

In recent times Large Language Models have exhibited tremendous capabilities, especially in the areas of mathematics, code generation and general-purpose reasoning. However for specialized domains especially in applications that require…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Sujit Khanna , Shishir Subedi

Semantic text classification requires the understanding of the contextual significance of specific tokens rather than surface-level patterns or keywords (as in rule-based or statistical text classification), making large language models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Adit Krishnan , Chu Wang , Chris Kong

Recent methods aim to merge neural networks (NNs) with identical architectures trained on different tasks into a single multi-task model. While most works focus on the simpler setup of merging NNs initialized from a common pre-trained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Edan Kinderman , Itay Hubara , Haggai Maron , Daniel Soudry

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) is widely used for adapting Large Language Models (LLMs) for various tasks. Recently, there has been an increasing demand for fine-tuning a single LLM for multiple tasks because it requires overall…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Anjir Ahmed Chowdhury , Syed Zawad , Xiaolong Ma , Xu Dong , Feng Yan
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