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Related papers: Sequential Diagnosis with Language Models

200 papers

Medical conversational AI (AI) plays a pivotal role in the development of safer and more effective medical dialogue systems. However, existing benchmarks and evaluation frameworks for assessing the information-gathering and diagnostic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Lecheng Gong , Weimin Fang , Ting Yang , Dongjie Tao , Chunxiao Guo , Peng Wei , Bo Xie , Jinqun Guan , Zixiao Chen , Fang Shi , Jinjie Gu , Junwei Liu

Accurate and interpretable image-based diagnosis remains a fundamental challenge in medical AI, particularly under domain shifts and rare-class conditions. Deep learning models often struggle with real-world distribution changes, exhibit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-13 Midhat Urooj , Ayan Banerjee , Farhat Shaikh , Kuntal Thakur , Sandeep Gupta

Leveraging large historical data in electronic health record (EHR), we developed Doctor AI, a generic predictive model that covers observed medical conditions and medication uses. Doctor AI is a temporal model using recurrent neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-09-29 Edward Choi , Mohammad Taha Bahadori , Andy Schuetz , Walter F. Stewart , Jimeng Sun

Clinical reasoning in medicine is a hypothesis-driven process where physicians refine diagnoses from limited information through targeted history, physical examination, and diagnostic investigations. In contrast, current medical benchmarks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Christopher Chiu , Silviu Pitis , Mihaela van der Schaar

Medicine is rife with high-stakes uncertainty. Doctors routinely make clinical judgments and decisions that juggle many fundamental unknowns, like predictions about what might be causing a patients' symptoms or decisions about what…

In recent years, AI systems in the medical domain have advanced significantly. However, despite outperforming humans, they are rarely used in practice since it is often not clear how they make their decisions. Optimal explanation and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Julia Wagner , Tim Schlippe

Artificial intelligence (AI) has demonstrated strong potential in clinical diagnostics, often achieving accuracy comparable to or exceeding that of human experts. A key challenge, however, is that AI reasoning frequently diverges from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Belona Sonna , Alban Grastien

Large language models (LLMs) have exhibited remarkable capabilities across various domains and tasks, pushing the boundaries of our knowledge in learning and cognition. The latest model, OpenAI's o1, stands out as the first LLM with an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Yunfei Xie , Juncheng Wu , Haoqin Tu , Siwei Yang , Bingchen Zhao , Yongshuo Zong , Qiao Jin , Cihang Xie , Yuyin Zhou

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into medical diagnostic workflows requires robust and consistent evaluation methods to ensure reliability, clinical relevance, and the inherent variability in expert judgments. Traditional…

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence, particularly autonomous agentic systems based on Large Language Models (LLMs), presents new opportunities to accelerate drug discovery by improving in-silico modeling and reducing dependence…

Human-in-the-loop validation is essential in safety-critical clinical AI, yet the transition between initial model inference and expert correction is rarely analyzed as a structured signal. We introduce a diagnostic alignment framework in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Dimitrios P. Panagoulias , Evangelia-Aikaterini Tsichrintzi , Georgios Savvidis , Evridiki Tsoureli-Nikita

Full-process clinical diagnosis in the real world encompasses the entire diagnostic workflow that begins with only an ambiguous chief complaint. While artificial intelligence (AI), particularly large language models (LLMs), is transforming…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Shicheng Xu , Xin Huang , Zihao Wei , Liang Pang , Huawei Shen , Xueqi Cheng

An accurate differential diagnosis (DDx) is a cornerstone of medical care, often reached through an iterative process of interpretation that combines clinical history, physical examination, investigations and procedures. Interactive…

A decade of rapid advances in artificial intelligence (AI) has opened new opportunities for clinical decision support systems (CDSS), with large language models (LLMs) demonstrating strong reasoning abilities on timely medical tasks.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Heejoon Koo

The recent development of data-driven AI promises to automate medical diagnosis; however, most AI functions as 'black boxes' to physicians with limited computational knowledge. Using medical imaging as a point of departure, we conducted…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-01-22 Yao Xie , Melody Chen , David Kao , Ge Gao , Xiang 'Anthony' Chen

As Vision-Language Models (VLMs) increasingly gain traction in medical applications, clinicians are progressively expecting AI systems not only to generate textual diagnoses but also to produce corresponding medical images that integrate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Junjie Yang , Yuhao Yan , Gang Wu , Yuxuan Wang , Ruoyu Liang , Xinjie Jiang , Xiang Wan , Fenglei Fan , Yongquan Zhang , Feiwei Qin , Changmiao Wang

Deep learning systems often struggle with processing long sequences, where computational complexity can become a bottleneck. Current methods for automated dementia detection using speech frequently rely on static, time-agnostic features or…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Chukwuemeka Ugwu , Oluwafemi Oyeleke

With the development of deep learning (DL) techniques, rotating machinery intelligent diagnosis has gone through tremendous progress with verified success and the classification accuracies of many DL-based intelligent diagnosis algorithms…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-20 Zhibin Zhao , Tianfu Li , Jingyao Wu , Chuang Sun , Shibin Wang , Ruqiang Yan , Xuefeng Chen

Screening patients for clinical trial eligibility remains a manual, time-consuming, and resource-intensive process. We present a secure, scalable proof-of-concept system for Artificial Intelligence (AI)-augmented patient-trial matching that…

In many model-based diagnosis applications it is impossible to provide such a set of observations and/or measurements that allow to identify the real cause of a fault. Therefore, diagnosis systems often return many possible candidates,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-12-19 Patrick Rodler , Wolfgang Schmid , Kostyantyn Shchekotykhin