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Open-source pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit strong language understanding and generation capabilities, making them highly successful in a variety of tasks. However, when used as agents for dealing with complex problems in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Qinhao Zhou , Zihan Zhang , Xiang Xiang , Ke Wang , Yuchuan Wu , Yongbin Li

Automatic search for Multi-Agent Systems has recently emerged as a key focus in agentic AI research. Several prior approaches have relied on LLM-based free-form search over the code space. In this work, we propose a more structured…

We introduce Agentic Reasoning, a framework that enhances large language model (LLM) reasoning by integrating external tool-using agents. Agentic Reasoning dynamically leverages web search, code execution, and structured memory to address…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Junde Wu , Jiayuan Zhu , Yuyuan Liu , Min Xu , Yueming Jin

Existing LLM-based agents have achieved strong performance on held-in tasks, but their generalizability to unseen tasks remains poor. Hence, some recent work focus on fine-tuning the policy model with more diverse tasks to improve the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Yu Xia , Jingru Fan , Weize Chen , Siyu Yan , Xin Cong , Zhong Zhang , Yaxi Lu , Yankai Lin , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

Agents equipped with search tools have emerged as effective solutions for knowledge-intensive tasks. While Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit strong reasoning capabilities, their high computational cost limits practical deployment for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Yizhou Liu , Qi Sun , Yulin Chen , Siyue Zhang , Chen Zhao

Tool learning empowers large language models (LLMs) as agents to use external tools and extend their utility. Existing methods employ one single LLM-based agent to iteratively select and execute tools, thereafter incorporating execution…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Zhengliang Shi , Shen Gao , Xiuyi Chen , Yue Feng , Lingyong Yan , Haibo Shi , Dawei Yin , Pengjie Ren , Suzan Verberne , Zhaochun Ren

General-purpose large language models (LLMs) that rely on in-context learning do not reliably deliver the scientific understanding and performance required for drug discovery tasks. Simply increasing model size or introducing reasoning…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have the potential to accelerate small molecule drug design due to their ability to reason about information from diverse sources and formats. However, their practical utility remains unclear due to the lack of…

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly transformed the fields of natural and social sciences. Generative Agent-Based Models (GABMs), which utilize large language models in place of real subjects, are gaining increasing…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-08-20 Yikang Lu , Alberto Aleta , Chunpeng Du , Lei Shi , Yamir Moreno

In practice, clinicians achieve a diagnosis by following a sequence of steps, such as laboratory exams, observations, or imaging. The pathways to reach diagnosis decisions are documented by guidelines authored by expert organizations, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Elisa Castagnari , Lillian Muyama , Adrien Coulet

Recent advances in the intrinsic reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) have given rise to LLM-based agent systems that exhibit near-human performance on a variety of automated tasks. However, although these systems share…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Bingxi Zhao , Lin Geng Foo , Ping Hu , Christian Theobalt , Hossein Rahmani , Jun Liu

In this paper, we propose the use of the popular word-based board game Codenames as a suitable benchmark for evaluating the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). Codenames presents a highly interesting challenge for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Matthew Stephenson , Matthew Sidji , Benoît Ronval

Agentic language model (LM) systems power modern applications like "Deep Research" and "Claude Code," and leverage multi-LM architectures to overcome context limitations. Beneath their apparent diversity lies a recurring pattern: smaller…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Shizhe He , Avanika Narayan , Ishan S. Khare , Scott W. Linderman , Christopher Ré , Dan Biderman

Compound AI systems that combine multiple LLM calls, such as self-refine and multi-agent-debate, achieve strong performance on many AI tasks. We address a core question in optimizing compound systems: for each LLM call or module in the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Lingjiao Chen , Jared Quincy Davis , Boris Hanin , Peter Bailis , Matei Zaharia , James Zou , Ion Stoica

Small language models (SLMs; 1-12B params, sometimes up to 20B) are sufficient and often superior for agentic workloads where the objective is schema- and API-constrained accuracy rather than open-ended generation. We synthesize recent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Raghav Sharma , Manan Mehta

Molecular property prediction and generative design via deep learning models has been the subject of intense research given its potential to accelerate development of new, high-performance materials. More recently, these workflows have been…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Nathaniel H. Park , Tiffany J. Callahan , James L. Hedrick , Tim Erdmann , Sara Capponi

Previous learning-based vulnerability detection methods relied on either medium-sized pre-trained models or smaller neural networks from scratch. Recent advancements in Large Pre-Trained Language Models (LLMs) have showcased remarkable…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Xin Zhou , Ting Zhang , David Lo

The rise of Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) signifies a paradigm shift toward advanced computational reasoning. Yet, this progress disrupts traditional agent frameworks, traditionally anchored by execution-oriented Large Language Models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Xueyang Zhou , Guiyao Tie , Guowen Zhang , Weidong Wang , Zhigang Zuo , Di Wu , Duanfeng Chu , Pan Zhou , Neil Zhenqiang Gong , Lichao Sun

Recommender systems are essential components of many online platforms, yet traditional approaches still struggle with understanding complex user preferences and providing explainable recommendations. The emergence of Large Language Model…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Qiyao Peng , Hongtao Liu , Hua Huang , Qing Yang , Minglai Shao

This study aims to assess the performance of two advanced Large Language Models (LLMs), GPT-3.5 and GPT-4, in the task of code clone detection. The evaluation involves testing the models on a variety of code pairs of different clone types…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Zixian Zhang , Takfarinas Saber