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Smart contracts are programs that execute inside blockchains such as Ethereum to manipulate digital assets. Since bugs in smart contracts may lead to substantial financial losses, there is considerable interest in formally proving their…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-09-10 Christian Bräm , Marco Eilers , Peter Müller , Robin Sierra , Alexander J. Summers

Supply chain security has become a growing concern in security risk analysis of the Internet of Things (IoT) systems. Their highly connected structures have significantly enlarged the attack surface, making it difficult to track the source…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-31 Yunfei Ge , Quanyan Zhu

Blockchain-based smart contract has become a growing field in the blockchain technology. What was once a technology used to solve digital transaction issues turns out to have some wider usage, including smart contract. The development of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-23 Fengkie Junis , Faisal Malik Widya Prasetya , Farouq Ibrahim Lubay , Anny Kartika Sari

In this paper, we explore remarkable similarities between multi-transactional behaviors of smart contracts in cryptocurrencies such as Ethereum and classical problems of shared-memory concurrency. We examine two real-world examples from the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2017-02-21 Ilya Sergey , Aquinas Hobor

Software contracts allow programmers to state rich program properties using the full expressive power of an object language. However, since they are enforced at runtime, monitoring contracts imposes significant overhead and delays error…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2017-11-13 Phuc C. Nguyen , Thomas Gilray , Sam Tobin-Hochstadt , David Van Horn

Implementing smart contracts to automate the performance of high-value over-the-counter (OTC) financial derivatives is a formidable challenge. Due to the regulatory framework and the scale of financial risk if a contract were to go wrong,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-05-31 Christopher D. Clack , Gabriel Vanca

The irreversible nature of blockchain transactions makes the identification of smart contract vulnerabilities an essential requirement for secure system development. While Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Stefan-Claudiu Susan , Andrei Arusoaie , Dorel Lucanu

Smart contract vulnerabilities have caused billions in financial losses, raising questions about whether programming language paradigms can reduce security overhead. While imperative languages like Solidity require developers to manually…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Matteo Vaccargiu , Andrea Pinna , Maria Ilaria Lunesu , Giuseppe Destefanis

As time progresses, the need for more secure applications grows exponentially. The different types of sensitive information that is being transferred virtually has sparked a rise in systems that leverage blockchain. Different sectors are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Myles Lewis , Chris Crawford

Smart contracts enable users to execute payments depending on complex program logic. Ethereum is the most notable example of a blockchain that supports smart contracts leveraged for countless applications including games, auctions and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Tommaso Frassetto , Patrick Jauernig , David Koisser , David Kretzler , Benjamin Schlosser , Sebastian Faust , Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi

Blockchain is a distributed ledger technology that gained popularity for enabling the transformation of cryptocurrency among peers without mediation by a centralized third-party authority. Smart contracts expand the applications of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-09 Majd Soud , Gísli Hjálmtýsson , Mohammad Hamdaqa

Blockchain platforms such as Ethereum and several others execute complex transactions in blocks through user-defined scripts known as smart contracts. To append a correct block into blockchain, miners execute these transactions of smart…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-01-15 Parwat Singh Anjana , Sweta Kumari , Sathya Peri , Sachin Rathor , Archit Somani

Compiler correctness is an old problem, but with the emergence of smart contracts on blockchains that problem presents itself in a new light. Smart contracts are self-contained pieces of software that control assets, which are often of high…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-02-23 Jacco O. G. Krijnen , Manuel M. T. Chakravarty , Gabriele Keller , Wouter Swierstra

Blockchain systems have received much attention and promise to revolutionize many services. Yet, despite their popularity, current blockchain systems exist in isolation, that is, they cannot share information. While interoperability is…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-04-24 Enrique Fynn , Alysson Bessani , Fernando Pedone

Blockchain and smart contracts have emerged as revolutionary technologies transforming distributed computing. While platform evolution and smart contracts' inherent immutability necessitate migrations both across and within chains,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Tahrim Hossain , Faisal Haque Bappy , Tarannum Shaila Zaman , Raiful Hasan , Tariqul Islam

Smart contracts are the building blocks of the "code is law" paradigm: the smart contract's code indisputably describes how its assets are to be managed - once it is created, its code is typically immutable. Faulty smart contracts present…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Pedro Antonino , Juliandson Ferreira , Augusto Sampaio , A. W. Roscoe

Smart contracts are blockchain programs that often handle valuable assets. Writing secure smart contracts is far from trivial, and any vulnerability may lead to significant financial losses. To support developers in identifying and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Monika di Angelo , Thomas Durieux , João F. Ferreira , Gernot Salzer

Popular blockchains such as Ethereum and several others execute complex transactions in blocks through user-defined scripts known as smart contracts. Serial execution of smart contract transactions/atomic-units (AUs) fails to harness the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-02-18 Parwat Singh Anjana , Sweta Kumari , Sathya Peri , Sachin Rathor , Archit Somani

Blockchain technology enables the execution of collaborative business processes involving untrusted parties without requiring a central authority. Specifically, a process model comprising tasks performed by multiple parties can be…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2016-12-12 Luciano García-Bañuelos , Alexander Ponomarev , Marlon Dumas , Ingo Weber

We identify a subtle security issue that impacts the design of smart contracts, because agents may themselves deploy smart contracts (side contracts). Typically, equilibria of games are analyzed in vitro, under the assumption that players…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-05 Daji Landis , Nikolaj I. Schwartzbach