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Related papers: Derivational Probing: Unveiling the Layer-wise Der…

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Contextual word embeddings obtained from pre-trained language model (PLM) have proven effective for various natural language processing tasks at the word level. However, interpreting the hidden aspects within embeddings, such as syntax and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Nayoung Choi

The paper presents a language model that develops syntactic structure and uses it to extract meaningful information from the word history, thus enabling the use of long distance dependencies. The model assigns probability to every joint…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Ciprian Chelba , Frederick Jelinek

Disentangling the encodings of neural models is a fundamental aspect for improving interpretability, semantic control and downstream task performance in Natural Language Processing. Currently, most disentanglement methods are unsupervised…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-17 Danilo S. Carvalho , Giangiacomo Mercatali , Yingji Zhang , Andre Freitas

When we speak, write or listen, we continuously make predictions based on our knowledge of a language's grammar. Remarkably, children acquire this grammatical knowledge within just a few years, enabling them to understand and generalise to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Jaap Jumelet

Natural language definitions possess a recursive, self-explanatory semantic structure that can support representation learning methods able to preserve explicit conceptual relations and constraints in the latent space. This paper presents a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Marco Valentino , Danilo S. Carvalho , André Freitas

Sentence embedding is an important research topic in natural language processing (NLP) since it can transfer knowledge to downstream tasks. Meanwhile, a contextualized word representation, called BERT, achieves the state-of-the-art…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-02 Bin Wang , C. -C. Jay Kuo

Inspired by cognitive neuroscience studies, we introduce a novel `decoding probing' method that uses minimal pairs benchmark (BLiMP) to probe internal linguistic characteristics in neural language models layer by layer. By treating the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Linyang He , Peili Chen , Ercong Nie , Yuanning Li , Jonathan R. Brennan

Modern deep neural networks achieve impressive performance in engineering applications that require extensive linguistic skills, such as machine translation. This success has sparked interest in probing whether these models are inducing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-24 Tal Linzen , Marco Baroni

In this work, we leverage the linear algebraic structure of distributed word representations to automatically extend knowledge bases and allow a machine to learn new facts about the world. Our goal is to extract structured facts from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-11-24 Lisa Seung-Yeon Lee

Learning structural information from observational data is central to producing new knowledge outside the training corpus. This holds for mechanistic understanding in scientific discovery as well as flexible test-time compositional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Michelle Chao Chen , Moritz Miller , Bernhard Schölkopf , Siyuan Guo

Syntactic bootstrapping (Gleitman, 1990) is the hypothesis that children use the syntactic environments in which a verb occurs to learn its meaning. In this paper, we examine whether large language models exhibit a similar behavior. We do…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Xiaomeng Zhu , R. Thomas McCoy , Robert Frank

A major problem in the study of large language models is to understand their inherent low-dimensional structure. We introduce an approach to study the low-dimensional structure of language models at a model-agnostic level: as sequential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Noah Golowich , Allen Liu , Abhishek Shetty

Structural probing work has found evidence for latent syntactic information in pre-trained language models. However, much of this analysis has focused on monolingual models, and analyses of multilingual models have employed correlational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Aaron Mueller , Yu Xia , Tal Linzen

Many types of data from fields including natural language processing, computer vision, and bioinformatics, are well represented by discrete, compositional structures such as trees, sequences, or matchings. Latent structure models are a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Vlad Niculae , Caio F. Corro , Nikita Nangia , Tsvetomila Mihaylova , André F. T. Martins

Targeted syntactic evaluations have demonstrated the ability of language models to perform subject-verb agreement given difficult contexts. To elucidate the mechanisms by which the models accomplish this behavior, this study applies causal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-23 Matthew Finlayson , Aaron Mueller , Sebastian Gehrmann , Stuart Shieber , Tal Linzen , Yonatan Belinkov

Modern neural networks (NNs), trained on extensive raw sentence data, construct distributed representations by compressing individual words into dense, continuous, high-dimensional vectors. These representations are expected to capture…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Zhu Liu

Next-word predictions from autoregressive neural language models show remarkable sensitivity to syntax. This work evaluates the extent to which this behavior arises as a result of a learned ability to maintain implicit representations of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-18 Tiwalayo Eisape , Vineet Gangireddy , Roger P. Levy , Yoon Kim

Self-supervised speech models learn effective representations of spoken language, which have been shown to reflect various aspects of linguistic structure. But when does such structure emerge in model training? We study the encoding of a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Marianne de Heer Kloots , Martijn Bentum , Hosein Mohebbi , Charlotte Pouw , Gaofei Shen , Willem Zuidema

Language recognition system is typically trained directly to optimize classification error on the target language labels, without using the external, or meta-information in the estimation of the model parameters. However labels are not…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-05-01 Trung Ngo Trong , Ville Hautamäki , Kristiina Jokinen

Recursive neural models, which use syntactic parse trees to recursively generate representations bottom-up, are a popular architecture. But there have not been rigorous evaluations showing for exactly which tasks this syntax-based method is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-08-19 Jiwei Li , Minh-Thang Luong , Dan Jurafsky , Eudard Hovy