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The mitigation of material defects from additive manufacturing (AM) processes is critical to reliability in their fabricated parts and is enabled by modeling the complex relations between available build monitoring signals and final…

Applied Physics · Physics 2024-02-26 Qixiang Luo , John D. Shimanek , Timothy W. Simpson , Allison M. Beese

Modeling plays a critical role in additive manufacturing (AM), enabling a deeper understanding of underlying processes. Parametric solutions for such models are of great importance, enabling the optimization of production processes and…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Hesameddin Safari , Henning Wessels

Open-loop control of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) additive manufacturing (AM) has enabled the production of complex, high-criticality parts for various industries. This method relies on static parameter sets from extensive experimentation…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-28 Baris Kavas , Efe C. Balta , Michael R. Tucker , Raamadaas Krishnadas , Alisa Rupenyan , John Lygeros , Markus Bambach

This study demonstrates the significant effect of the recoil pressure and Marangoni convection in laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) of 316L stainless steel. A three-dimensional high fidelity powder-scale model reveals how the strong dynamical…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2016-03-10 Saad A. Khairallah , Andrew T. Anderson , Alexander Rubenchik , Wayne E. King

Process optimization for metal additive manufacturing (AM) is crucial to ensure repeatability, control microstructure, and minimize defects. Despite efforts to address this via the traditional design of experiments and statistical process…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-18 Susheel Dharmadhikari , Nandana Menon , Amrita Basak

Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is a powder-bed additive manufacturing technique whose part quality depends critically on feedstock morphology. However, conventional powder characterization methods are low-throughput and qualitative, failing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Emmanuel Akeweje , Conall Kirk , Chi-Wai Chan , Denis Dowling , Mimi Zhang

Additive manufacturing is a free-form manufacturing technique in which parts are built in a layer-by-layer manner. Laser powder bed fusion is one of the popular techniques used to fabricate metal parts. However, it induces residual stress…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2021-05-07 Takao Miki , Takayuki Yamada

Additive manufacturing (AM) of metallic components promises many advantages over conventional manufacturing processes through high design flexibility across multiple length scales and precision coupled with an astonishing combination of…

Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is an additive manufacturing technique that has gained popularity thanks to its ability to produce geometrically complex, fully dense metal parts. However, these parts are prone to internal defects and…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Nicholas Kirschbaum , Nathaniel Wood , Chang-Eun Kim , Thejaswi U. Tumkur , Chinedum Okwudire

A major goal of materials design is to find material structures with desired properties and in a second step to find a processing path to reach one of these structures. In this paper, we propose and investigate a deep reinforcement learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-09 Johannes Dornheim , Lukas Morand , Samuel Zeitvogel , Tarek Iraki , Norbert Link , Dirk Helm

The effectiveness of machine learning in metallographic microstructure segmentation is often constrained by the lack of human-annotated phase masks, particularly for rare or compositionally complex morphologies within the metal alloy. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Hoang Hai Nam Nguyen , Minh Tien Tran , Hoheok Kim , Ho Won Lee

Efficient simulation of Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) is crucial for process prediction due to the lasting issue of high computational cost associated with traditional numerical methods such as finite element analysis (FEA). While a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 R. Sharma , Y. B. Guo

Predicting the microstructure during selective laser sintering (SLS) is of great interests, which can compliment the current time and cost expensive trial-and-error principle with an efficient computational design tool. However, it still…

Materials Science · Physics 2019-08-09 Yangyiwei Yang , Olav Ragnvaldsen , Yang Bai , Min Yi , Bai-Xiang Xu

Additive manufacturing technologies enable the production of complex and bioinspired shapes using magneto-responsive materials, which find diverse applications in soft robotics. Particularly, the development of composites with controlled…

Additive manufacturing (AM) techniques hold promise but face significant challenges in process planning and optimization. The large temporal and spatial variations in temperature that can occur in layer-wise AM lead to thermal excursions,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-22 Mikhail Khrenov , William Frieden Templeton , Sneha Prabha Narra

The stochastic formation of defects during Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) negatively impacts its adoption for high-precision use cases. Optical monitoring techniques can be used to identify defects based on layer-wise imaging, but these…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-23 Francis Ogoke , Sumesh Kalambettu Suresh , Jesse Adamczyk , Dan Bolintineanu , Anthony Garland , Michael Heiden , Amir Barati Farimani

Powder Bed Fusion (PBF) is a type of Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology that builds parts in a layer-by-layer fashion out of a bed of metal powder via the selective melting action of a laser or electron beam heat source. The technology…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-01-09 Nathaniel Wood , David Hoelzle

Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is an additive manufacturing (AM) technology. To achieve high product quality, the powder is best spread as a uniform, dense layer. The challenge for LPBF manufacturers is to develop a spreading process that…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2021-02-12 Mohamad Yousef Shaheen , Anthony R. Thornton , Stefan Luding , Thomas Weinhart

Qualification of high-performance metal components produced by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) must identify process-induced porous defects that reduce ductility and nucleate fatigue cracking. Detecting such defects via optical monitoring of…

Optics · Physics 2024-11-22 Ryan W. Penny , Zachery Kutschke , A. John Hart

Foundation models are at the forefront of an increasing number of critical applications. In regards to technologies such as additive manufacturing (AM), these models have the potential to dramatically accelerate process optimization and, in…